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Below is a growing list of 426 scientific articles that deal directly or indirectly with Computed Tomographic Imaging in veterinary medicine. The articles are sorted by date with the most recent at the top. A brief description of the article follows the title. To follow a link to the abstract page, click on the title. A link to the source of the article is available by clicking on the journal title on the individual abstract page. |
| 2012/05 Surgical Management of a Subepiglottic Thyroglossal Duct Cyst in a Dog A 2 yr old dog presented for dysphagia and coughing secondary to a 4 cm x 4 cm turgid subepiglottic mass. |
| 2012/05 Nasopharyngeal Disease in Cats: 1. Diagnostic Investigation Practical relevance: Nasal discharge, sneezing and upper respiratory noise are frequent presenting signs in feline practice. Clinical challenges: The small nasal cavity of the cat can make visualisation of lesions challenging. In addition, investigations may identify only secondary complications of a disease process, rather than the initial aetiological agent. |
| 2012/05 Comparison of Three-View Thoracic Radiography and Computed Tomography for Detection of Pulmonary Nodules in Dogs with Neoplasia Objective-To compare the detection of pulmonary nodules by use of 3-view thoracic radiography and CT in dogs with confirmed neoplasia. Design-Prospective case series. Animals-33 dogs of various breeds. Procedures-3 interpreters independently evaluated 3-view thoracic radiography images. |
| 2012/04 Surgical Treatment of a Pulmonary Artery Vascular Hamartoma in a Dog Case Description-A 6-year-old Siberian Husky-mix dog was examined for episodes of collapse. Clinical Findings-Physical examination, echocardiography, abdominal ultrasonography, ECG, and thoracic computed tomography with contrast were performed and revealed a 2.5 x 2.3 x 2.0-cm mass over the pulmonic valve leaflets, resulting in moderate pulmonic stenosis. |
| 2012/04 Comparison of Glomerular Filtration Rate Determined by Use of Single-Slice Dynamic Computed
Objective-To compare estimation of glomerular filtration rate determined via conventional methods (ie, scintigraphy and plasma clearance of technetium Tc 99m pentetate) and dynamic single-slice computed tomography (CT). Animals-8 healthy adult cats. Procedures-Scintigraphy, plasma clearance testing, and dynamic CT were performed on each cat on the same day; order of examinations was randomized. mic CT in a larger sample population with a wide range of GFR values should be performed.
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| 2012/03
Disseminated Protothecosis Diagnosed by Evaluation of CSF in a Dog
A 5-year-old female spayed Shetland Sheepdog Mix dog was evaluated for a history of recent seizure activity, progressive hind limb ataxia, polyuria, and polydipsia and no history of gastrointestinal signs. Physical examination findings included conscious proprioceptive deficits, ataxia, and anterior uveitis along with a hypermature cataract in the right eye. Results of a CBC, serum biochemical profile, urinalysis, and computed tomography scan of the brain were unremarkable. |
| 2012/03 Use of Computed Tomography and Silicon Endocasts to Identify Pulmonary Veins with Echocardiography The pulmonary veins were identified from the silicone endocast heart models of 19 dogs. Although variation in the number of the more peripheral veins on each specimen existed, all of the casts had a consistency with regards to the most proximal coalescence of the pulmonary veins as they entered the body of the left atrium. |
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2012/03
Potential Variant of Multiple Endocrine Neoplasia in a Dog This report describes multiple endocrine neoplasia in a dog, which is a rare hereditary disorder characterized by the presence of two or more neoplasms of different endocrine tissues within a patient. |
| 2012/03 Multimodality Functional Imaging of Spontaneous Canine Tumors Using (64)Cu-Atsm and (18)Fdg Pet/CT and Dynamic Contrast Enhanced Perfusion CT PURPOSE: To compare the distribution and uptake of the hypoxia tracer (64)Cu-diacetyl-bis(N(4)-methylthiosemicarbazone) ((64)Cu-ATSM) PET/CT, FDG PET/CT and dynamic contrast enhanced perfusion CT (DCE-pCT) in spontaneous canine tumors. In addition (64)Cu-ATSM distribution over time was evaluated. METHODS AND MATERIALS: Nine spontaneous cancer-bearing dogs were prospectively enrolled. FDG (1h pi.) and (64)Cu-ATSM (3 and 24h pi.) PET/CT were performed over three consecutive days. . |
| 2012/03 Comparison of Multi-Detector Row Computed Tomography with Echocardiography for Assessment of Left Ventricular Function in Healthy Dogs Objective-To evaluate the use of retrospectively ECG-gated, contrast-enhanced, multi-detector row computed tomography (MDCT) for assessment of left ventricular function in dogs and to compare the results with those obtained by use of 2-D and M-mode echocardiographc techniques. Animals-10 healthy Beagles. Procedures-Dogs underwent MDCT (performed by use of a 64-detector row CT system) and echocardiography under general anesthesia. Left ventricular end-systolic volume (ESV), end-diastolic volume (EDV), and ejection fraction (EF) were determined in MDCT-generated multiplanar reformatted images by use of Simpson and biplane area-length calculation methods. |
| 2012/02 Spinal Cord Trauma in a Cat Caused by Ingestion of a Splinter A 5-month-old male Abyssinian presented with right hemiplegia. Cervical radiographs, haematology and serum biochemistry were normal. A foreign body was identified on computed tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Removal of the foreign body was carried out via a dorsal approach between the occipital bone and the C1 vertebral body using intra-operative CT. No complications were encountered. Thirty days after surgery, the cat was ambulatory. |
| 2012/02 Estimation of Glomerular Filtration Rate in Healthy Cats Using Single-Slice Dynamic CT and Patlak Plot Analysis Commonly used clinical indicators of renal disease are either insensitive to early dysfunction or have delayed results. Decreased glomerular filtration rate (GFR) indicates renal dysfunction before there is a loss of 50% of functional nephrons. Most tests evaluate global rather than individual kidney function. Dynamic computed tomography (CT) and Patlak plot analysis allows for individual GFR to be tested. Our objectives were to establish a procedure and provide reference values for determination of global GFR in 10 healthy cats using dynamic CT (CTGFR). |
| 2012/02 Computed Tomography and Radiographic Lymphography of the Thoracic Duct by Subcutaneous or Submucosal Injection A simple method of lymphography of the thoracic duct was investigated. Using three female beagles, contrast media were administered rectally, vaginally and into the perianal tissue. The administration sites were gently massaged, and imaging was carried out at constant intervals using computed tomography and radiograph. Moreover, Indian ink was administered into the rectum mucous membrane in dogs for proof of this method of lymphography, and the lymph drainage routes were observed. |
| 2012/02 CT Thoracic Duct Lymphography in Cats by Popliteal Lymph Node Iohexol Injection Three different doses (1.0, 1.5, and 2.0 ml) of iohexol (300 mgI/ml) were injected percutaneously into the popliteal lymph node of eight adult cats under ultrasound guidance. Serial transverse CT images of five regions of interest (L3, T13, T8, T4, and T1 level) were performed at 2-min intervals, and the attenuation in Hounsfield Units (HU) of the lymphatic vessels was measured for determination of the optimal dose of iohexol and CT scan parameters. |
| 2012/02 CT Features of Pleural Masses and Nodules Pleural space masses and nodules are rarely described on computed tomography (CT) in veterinary medicine and have only been described in patients with neoplasia. Our purpose was to describe the CT findings and diagnoses in seven patients with pleural masses and nodules. Two patients had broad-based, plaque-like pleural masses, both of which were due to neoplasia (primary pleural carcinoma, metastatic thymoma). the differential diagnoses for pleural space masses and nodules found on CT. |
| 2012/01
During computed tomography (CT), the appearance of disease involving the pulmonary acinus may be described using terms such as atelectasis, ground-glass opacity, or consolidation. These CT signs, however, have not been correlated with histologic findings in canine pulmonary disease. To facilitate interpretation of lung diseases by CT signs, our goals were to review the morphologic organization of the lung and evaluate the medical records of four dogs with different types of pulmonary acinar disease. |
| 2012/01 Surgical Management of First Caudal Nerve Root Foraminal Compression Secondary to Intervertebral Disc Disease in a Cocker Spaniel A nine-year-old spayed female Cocker Spaniel was investigated for an eight week history of licking and rubbing at the tail base, dullness, and signs of pain on manipulation of the tail. This is the first report of diagnosis and surgical management of caudal intervertebral disc disease by foraminotomy in the dog. Surgical decompression by foraminotomy may therefore be a treatment option for this condition. |
| 2012/01 Prevalence of Clinical and Subclinical Middle Ear Disease in Cats Undergoing Computed Tomographic Scans of the Head Three hundred and ten cats that had CT imaging of the head between January 2000 and December 2007 were evaluated retrospectively. Data that were recorded included signalment, presenting complaint, clinical signs, presence of upper respiratory tract disease, and CT findings. One hundred and one cats had evidence of middle ear disease on CT. |
| 2012/01 Musculoskeletal Imaging in the Cat: What's Normal? What's Abnormal? Practical relevance Despite the increasing availability of ultrasonography, computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), radiography remains the primary imaging modality for the assessment of feline musculoskeletal disease in practice. In many respects, having a more feline-focused approach to radiography will reward the clinician with better quality images and, hence, a greater likelihood of a correct diagnosis. |
| 2012/01 Morphometric Features of the Craniocervical Junction Region in Dogs with Suspected Chiari-Like Malformation Determined by Combined Use of Magnetic Resonance Imaging and Computed Tomography Objective-To objectively describe morphometric features of the craniocervical junction region of Cavalier King Charles Spaniels (CKCSs) and non-CKCS dogs with suspected Chiari-like malformation (CLM) and identify associations between these features and the presence of other malformations in this region. Animals-216 CKCSs and 58 non-CKCS dogs. |
| 2012/01 Imaging Characteristics of Intrathoracic Histiocytic Sarcoma in Dogs In this retrospective study, two observers independently reviewed thoracic imaging studies of 39 dogs with confirmed histiocytic sarcoma. The most common findings were intrathoracic lymphadenopathy, identified by the first and second observers in 82.1% and 87.2% of dogs, respectively, and pulmonary masses (74.4% and 82.1%). Right middle lung lobe masses were significantly more common than masses in any other lung lobe (P<0.0013), with the majority having a ventral distribution. |
| 2012/01 High-Resolution Computed Tomography Bronchial Lumen to Pulmonary Artery Diameter Ratio in Anesthetized Ventilated Cats with Normal Lungs. High-resolution computed tomography (CT) is the preferred noninvasive tool for diagnosing bronchiectasis in people. A criterion for evaluating dilation of the bronchus is the bronchial lumen to pulmonary artery diameter (bronchoarterial ratio [BA ratio]). A ratio of >1.0 in humans or >2.0 in dogs has been suggested as a threshold for identifying bronchiectasis. The purpose of this study was to establish the BA ratio in normal cats. Fourteen specific pathogen-free cats were selected for analysis of thoracic CT images. |
| 2012/01 Frontal Sinus Depth at Four Landmarks in Breeds of Dog Typically Affected by Sinonasal Aspergillosis The objective of this study was to assess whether the frontal sinuses in dogs with aspergillosis and of breeds typically affected by this condition were deeper at a more caudal location. CT scans of the head performed at the Small Animal Teaching Hospital, University of Liverpool, between April 2007 and March 2009 for dogs diagnosed with aspergillosis (group 1) and unaffected dogs of similar breeds (group 2) were selected for study. |
| 2012/01 Effect of Hind Limb Position on the Craniocaudal Length of the Lumbosacral Space in Anesthetized Dogs Objective To investigate whether rostral extension of the hind limbs increases the cranio-caudal dorsal interlaminar distance between the seventh lumbar vertebra and the sacral bone (LS distance) in sternally recumbent anesthetized dogs. Study design Prospective clinical study. Animals Eighteen dogs (eight neutered males, three intact males, six spayed females, one intact female) of various breeds, weighing 4-34 kg and ranging in age from 1 to 13 years. Methods Each dog was grouped by size: small (</=10 kg), medium (15-20 kg) or large (>/=25 kg). |
| 2012/01 Computed Tomography Myelographic Findings in Dogs with Cervical Spondylomyelopathy Computed tomography (CT) myelography is used occasionally in the diagnosis of cervical spondylomyelopathy, but the type of lesion found in large- versus giant-breed dogs using this modality has not been characterized. Our purpose was to report the frequency of compressive lesions in large- and giant-breed dogs with cervical spondylomyelopathy and imaged using CT myelography. |
| 2012/01 CT Characteristics of Primary Hepatic Mass Lesions in Dog Little information is available on the relationship between computed tomography (CT) imaging findings and the pathologic diagnosis of canine hepatic tumors. Our purpose was to clarify the characteristic features of CT findings in liver tumors in dogs. Data from 33 dogs with either a hepatocellular carcinoma, n = 14, hepatocellular adenoma, n = 14, or nodular hyperplasia, n = 5 were summarized from medical records. |
| 2011/12 Cone Beam Computed Tomography and Intraoral Radiography for Diagnosis of Dental Abnormalities in Dogs and Cats The development of veterinary dentistry has substantially improved the ability to diagnose canine and feline dental abnormalities. Consequently, examinations previously performed only on humans are now available for small animals, thus improving the diagnostic quality. This has increased the need for technical qualification of veterinary professionals and increased technological investments. This study evaluated the use of cone beam computed tomography and intraoral radiography as complementary exams for diagnosing dental abnormalities in dogs and cats. |
| 2011/12 Assessment of Glomerular Filtration Rate with Dynamic Computed Tomography in Normal Beagle Dogs The objective of our study was to determine individual and global glomerular filtration rates (GFRs) using dynamic renal computed tomography (CT) in Beagle dogs. Twenty-four healthy Beagle dogs were included in the experiment. Anesthesia was induced in all dogs by using propofol and isoflurane prior to CT examination. A single slice of the kidney was sequentially scanned after a bolus intravenous injection of contrast material (iohexol, 1 mL/kg, 300 mgI/mL). |
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2011/11
Treatment of a Malignant Pheochromocytoma in a Dog Using 131I Metaiodobenzylguanidine A 12 yr old castrated male Yorkshire terrier was presented with a history of an inoperable pheochromocytoma. Physical examination revealed a large, midabdominal mass. Neurologic examination was normal at presentation. An abdominal computed tomography scan revealed a 215 cm(3) mass in the region of the right kidney. |
| 2011/11 Computed Tomography of a Cat with Primary Intratracheal Lymphosarcoma before and after Systemic Chemotherapy A 12 yr old male neutered domestic shorthair cat presented with worsening tachypnea of 1 mo duration and open mouth breathing. Radiographs revealed tracheal narrowing at the thoracic inlet. Computed tomography (CT) revealed a contrast enhancing 8-cm long fusiform mass within the dorsal tracheal membrane. Tracheobronchoscopy confirmed the presence of the tracheal mass at the thoracic inlet, and lymphoma was diagnosed based on uniformly atypical lymphoid cells on aspirated bronchoalveolar lavage fluid. The cat was treated with combination chemotherapy consisting of cyclophosphamide, vincristine, doxorubicin, and prednisolone. Thoracic radiographs and CT performed 1 mo after completion of the 6 mo chemotherapy protocol revealed resolution of the tracheal mass. The cat remained clinically normal at 21 mo after treatment. |
| 2011/11 Clinical and Diagnostic Imaging Findings in Dogs with Zygomatic Sialadenitis: 11 Cases (1990-2009) Objective-To describe clinical and diagnostic imaging features of zygomatic sialadenitis in dogs. Design-Retrospective case series. Animals-11 dogs with zygomatic sialadenitis and 20 control dogs without evidence of retrobulbar disease. Procedures-Medical records were searched for dogs with zygomatic sialadenitis that underwent some combination of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), computed tomography (CT), and ultrasonography. Signalment, clinical signs, results of clinicopathologic tests, cytologic and histologic diagnosis, treatment, qualitative disease features, and disease course were recorded. Images obtained via MRI or CT were analyzed for pre- and postcontrast signal intensity or density, respectively; zygomatic salivary gland area was determined. |
| 2011/11 Clinical and Diagnostic Imaging Findings in Dogs with Zygomatic Sialadenitis: 11 Cases (1990-2009) Objective-To describe clinical and diagnostic imaging features of zygomatic sialadenitis in dogs. Design-Retrospective case series. Animals-11 dogs with zygomatic sialadenitis and 20 control dogs without evidence of retrobulbar disease. Procedures-Medical records were searched for dogs with zygomatic sialadenitis that underwent some combination of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), computed tomography (CT), and ultrasonography. |
| 2011/09
Use of Computed Tomography Adrenal Gland Measurement for Differentiating Acth Dependence from Acth Independence in 64 Dogs with Hyperadenocorticism |
| 2011/09 Use of Cone-Beam Computed Tomography to Characterize Daily Urinary Bladder Variations During Fractionated Radiotherapy for Canine Bladder Cancer Urinary bladder cancer is difficult to treat accurately with fractionated radiation therapy (RT) due to daily positional changes of the bladder and surrounding soft-tissue structures. We quantified the daily motion experienced by the canine bladder with patients in dorsal vs. sternal vs. lateral recumbency. |
| 2011/09 The Use of Computed Tomographic Three-Dimensional Reconstructions to Develop Instructional Models for Equine Pelvic Ultrasonography Ultrasonography has gained increased utility to diagnose pelvic fractures in horses; however, internal pelvic contours can be difficult to appreciate from external palpable landmarks. We developed three-dimensional (3D) simulations of the pelvic ultrasonographic examination to assist with translation of pelvic contours into two-dimensional (2D) images. |
| 2011/09 Intracranial Meningioma Causing Partial Amaurosis in a Cat OBJECTIVE: To describe a case of intracranial meningioma causing visual impairment in a cat, successfully treated by surgery. PROCEDURES: An adult neutered male domestic cat was referred with a 10-month history of progressive visual impairment and altered behavior. Investigations included physical, ophthalmologic and neurological examinations as well as hematology, serum biochemistry and CT scan of the head. |
| 2011/09 Computed Tomographic Findings in the Pituitary Gland and Brain of Horses with Pituitary Pars Intermedia Dysfunction BACKGROUND: Pituitary pars intermedia dysfunction (PPID) is the most common endocrinologic disorder of aged horses. HYPOTHESIS/OBJECTIVES: Pituitary glands of PPID-affected horses are larger than those of aged horses without signs of PPID, and the size difference can be detected using computed tomography (CT) imaging. ANIMALS: Eight horses with clinical signs of PPID and supportive endocrinologic test results and 3 aged control (PPID-negative) horses. |
| 2011/09 Anatomy of Extrahepatic Portosystemic Shunts in Dogs as Determined by Computed Tomography Angiography Congenital extrahepatic portosystemic shunts are anomalous vessels joining portal and systemic venous circulation. These shunts are often diagnosed sonographically, but computed tomography (CT) angiography produces high-resolution images that give a more comprehensive overview of the abnormal portal anatomy. CT angiography was performed on 25 dogs subsequently proven to have an extrahepatic portosystemic shunt. The anatomy of each shunt and portal tributary vessels was assessed. |
| 2011/09 64-Multidetector Computed Tomographic Angiography of the Canine Coronary Arteries Canine coronary artery angiography (CTA) was performed in four anesthetized healthy dogs using 64-multidetector computed tomography. Esmolol, a β-1 adrenergic receptor antagonist, and sodium nitroprusside, an arteriolar and venous dilator, were administered to enhance visualization of the coronary arteries by reducing heart rate and creating vasodilation. The left main coronary artery with its three main branches and the right coronary artery were visualized and subdivided in 13 segments for evaluation. |
| 2011/08 Computed Tomographic Documentation of the Natural Progression of Humeral Intracondylar Fissure in a Cocker Spaniel Objective To report the computed tomographic (CT) documentation of humeral intracondylar fissure (HIF) developing after complete ossification of the humeral condyle (HC). Study Design Clinical report. Animals Male 3 year old working (English) Cocker Spaniel. Methods Sequential CT screening (659-day interval between analyses). |
| 2011/07
Multidetector-Row Computed Tomography of Thoracic Aortic Anomalies in Dogs and Cats: Patent Ductus Arteriosus and Vascular Rings |
| 2011/07 Thoracic Computed Tomography in Feline Patients without Use of Chemical Restraint Computed tomography (CT) and thoracic radiography were performed in nonsedated, nonanesthetized, cats with thoracic disease. The final diagnosis was obtained with echocardiography, cytology, histopathology, necropsy, or response to therapy. For CT imaging, cats were in a positioning device using a 16 multislice helical CT system. Fifty-four cats had CT imaging of which 50 had thoracic radiography. |
| 2011/07 Reaction to Intraarterial Ionic Iodinated Contrast Medium Administration in Anesthetized Horses The purpose of this report was to evaluate the frequency and type of reactions to intraarterial iodinated contrast medium injection in horses. Ninety-seven received an intraarterial injection of ionic, iodinated contrast medium for computed tomographic assessment of the distal limb. |
| 2011/07 Pulmonary Angiography with 64-Multidetector-Row Computed Tomography in Normal Dogs Pulmonary angiography using 64-multidetector-row computed tomography (MDCT) was used to evaluate pulmonary artery anatomy, and determine the sensitivity of pulmonary artery segment visualization in four Beagle dogs using images reconstructed to 0.625 mm and retro-reconstructed to 1.25 and 2.5 mm slice thickness. |
| 2011/07 Imaging Diagnosis—Bilateral Orthotopic Ureteroceles in a Dog A 5-year-old neutered male Akita had a 5-month history of hematuria. Bilateral orthotopic ureteroceles were diagnosed using a combination of sonography, computed tomography (CT), and radiography. With CT excretory urography, the ureteroceles appeared as two intraluminal cystic structures in the vesicoureteral region of the urinary bladder, which directly communicated with dilated ureters. Unlike the other imaging modalities CT excretory urography provided a definitive diagnosis by confirming the communication between the hydroureters and the cystic dilations in the caudodorsal aspect of the urinary bladder. |
| 2011/07 Computed Tomography of the Pharynx in a Closed Vs. Open Mouth Position The pharynx is anatomically complex and evaluation can be difficult even with cross-sectional imaging. Eight animals had computed tomography (CT) studies of the head performed with the mouth open and closed. The studies were anonymized and evaluated by four radiologists for visibility of six anatomic regions (dorsal wall of nasopharynx, lumen of nasopharynx, dorsal margin of the soft palate, ventral margin of the soft palate, oropharynx, and laryngopharynx) and for certainty of a normal or abnormal diagnosis of four different anatomic regions (nasopharynx, soft palate, oropharynx, and laryngopharynx). |
| 2011/07 Computed Tomographic Imaging of Dogs with Primary Laryngeal or Tracheal Airway Obstruction Seventeen dogs with clinical signs attributable to nonneoplastic obstruction of the larynx, trachea, or large bronchi underwent computed tomography (CT) imaging. In 16 of the 17 dogs, CT was performed without general anesthesia using a positioning device. Fifteen of these 16 dogs were imaged without sedation or general anesthesia. Three-dimensional (3D) internal rendering was performed on each image set based on lesion localization determined by routine image planes. |
| 2011/07 Cephalometric Measurements and Determination of General Skull Type of Cavalier King Charles Spaniels The general skull morphology of the head of the Cavalier King Charles Spaniel (CKCS) was examined and compared with cephalometric indices of brachycephalic, mesaticephalic, and dolichocephalic heads. Measurements were taken from computed tomography images. Defined landmarks for linear measurements of were identified using three-dimensional (3D) models. The calculated parameters of the CKCS were different from all parameters of mesaticephalic dogs but were the same as parameters from brachycephalic dogs. |
| 2011/06 Intraobserver, Interobserver, and Intermethod Agreement for Results of Myelography, Computed Tomography-Myelography, and Low-Field Magnetic Resonance Imaging in Dogs with Disk-Associated Wobbler Syndrome Objective-To determine intraobserver, interobserver, and intermethod agreement for results of myelography, computed tomography-myelography (CTM), and low-field magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in dogs with disk-associated wobbler syndrome (DAWS). Design-Prospective cross-sectional study. Animals-22 dogs with DAWS. Procedures-All dogs underwent myelography, CTM, and low-field MRI. |
| 2011/06 Effect of Contrast Medium Injection Duration on Peak Enhancement and Time to Peak Enhancement of Canine Pulmonary Arteries Our goal was to investigate the effect of contrast medium injection duration on pulmonary artery peak enhancement and time to peak enhancement. Fourteen dogs were allocated into one of seven predefined weight categories, each category contained two dogs. Dogs in each weight category were assigned to group A or B. Animals in each group received a different contrast medium injection protocol. In group A, a fixed injection rate of 5 ml/s was used. In group B, the contrast injection rate was calculated as follows: flow rate=contrast volume/scan duration+10 s. |
| 2011/05 Ultrasound-Guided Mesenteric Lymph Node Iohexol Injection for Thoracic Duct Computed Tomographic Lymphography in Cats Computed tomographic (CT) lymphography was performed in cats using percutaneous ultrasound-guided injection of contrast medium into a mesenteric lymph node. The thoracic duct and its branches were clearly delineated in CT images of seven cats studied. |
| 2011/05 Thoracic Computed Tomography Findings in Dogs Experimentally Infected with Angiostrongylus Vasorum To characterize the computed tomography (CT) features of thoracic lesions caused by infection with Angiostrongylus vasorum, pre- and postcontrast CT was performed in six experimentally infected Beagles 13 weeks postinoculation and in four of these 9 weeks postchemotherapy. Findings were compared with survey radiographs and necropsy findings. |
| 2011/05 Comparative Popliteal and Mesenteric Computed Tomography Lymphangiography of the Canine Thoracic Duct Thoracic duct computed tomography (CT) lymphangiograms were performed on seven clinically normal dogs. The appearance of the thoracic duct system was compared following administration of contrast medium through a mesenteric lymphatic vessel vs. ultrasound guided percutaneous injection into a popliteal lymph node using helical and sequential CT acquisition modes. |
| 2011/04 Mediastinal Parathyroid Adenoma: Diagnostic and Management Challenges Primary hyperparathyroidism due to ectopic parathyroid adenomas can pose diagnostic and management challenges, especially when imaging studies have localised the lesions to different sites. We report a case of symptomatic hypercalcaemia due to a mediastinal parathyroid adenoma. Ultrasonography identified a nodule posterior to the right thyroid gland. |
| 2011/04 Imaging Diagnosis—Portal Vein Aplasia and Interruption of the Caudal Vena Cava in Three Dogs Severe portal vascular anomalies have been reported previously accompanying azygos continuation of the caudal vena cava, polysplenia, and situs anomalies in dogs and people. Three dogs with portal vascular anomalies were identified by means of CT angiography as having portal vein aplasia with portal insertion into the caudal vena cava, azygos continuation of the caudal vena cava, and interruption of the pre-hepatic caudal vena cava. |
| 2011/04 Computed Tomographic Findings in Canine Pyothorax and Correlation with Findings at Exploratory Thoracotomy OBJECTIVES: To describe computed tomographic (CT) findings in canine spontaneous pyothorax and compare them to surgical findings and to assess the utility of CT in guiding case management. METHODS: Records from 2003 to 2010 were reviewed to identify dogs, with spontaneous pyothorax, which had undergone CT. Cases were managed medically or surgically . |
| 2011/03 [Computed Tomography Imaging of the Temporomandibular Joint in Dogs and Cats. Effect of Different Scan Parameters on Image Quality] Objective: Temporomandibular joints (TMJs) of dogs and cats were examined with multislice computed tomography (MSCT) using different technical scan parameters in order to investigate their impact on image quality. Another aspect was to analyze whether size differences of the TMJ affect the display of small joint structures. Material and methods: The TMJs of two dogs and two cats were examined using MSCT. Scan parameters were varied including tube current, scan matrix, resolution mode, slice thickness, and reconstruction increment. |
| 2011/03 Pulmonary Angiography Using 16 Slice Multidetector Computed Tomography in Normal Dogs We report a canine computed tomography (CT) pulmonary angiography technique using multidetector CT (MDCT). CT pulmonary angiography using a 16 slice MDCT was performed on five healthy, anesthetized beagles. |
| 2011/03 Measurement of Body Composition in Cats Using Computed Tomography and Dual Energy X-Ray Absorptiometry Dual energy X-ray absorptiometry (DEXA) is a reference method for assessing body composition but is seldom accessible in veterinary settings. Computed tomography (CT) can provide similar body composition estimates and we propose that it can be used in body composition studies in animals. We compared CT and DEXA data from 73 healthy adult neutered domestic cats. |
| 2011/03 Imaging Diagnosis—CT Myelography in a Dog with Intramedullary Intervertebral Disc Herniation A 5-year-old Chihuahua was examined for peracute pain and paraparesis. Neuroanatomic localization was consistent with a symmetric T3-L3 myelopathy. Computed tomography (CT) of the T9-L5 vertebrae was normal. Myelography disclosed attenuation of the subarachnoid space from T11 to L1, consistent with spinal cord swelling. CT following the myelogram disclosed a focal area of intramedullary iodinated contrast medium at T13-L1. At surgery, intervertebral disc material was removed from the spinal cord. Based on the findings in this patient, intramedullary disc herniation should be considered a cause for focal intramedullary contrast medium accumulation. |
| 2011/03 Feline Cerebrovascular Disease: Clinical and Histopathologic Findings in 16 Cats Sixteen cats with cerebrovascular disease confirmed via histology to be of nontraumatic and nonneoplastic origins are described. In addition, the anatomy of the arterial supply of the cat's brain is reviewed. It is suggested that this unique arterial design may influence the incidence of cerebrovascular accidents in this species. Of the 16 cats reviewed, seven cats had ischemic infarctions, five had hemorrhagic infarctions, and four were diagnosed with intracranial hemorrhage. The median age was 8 yr and 9.5 yr in cats with infarctions and intracranial hemorrhages, respectively. Clinical signs were severe, acute, consistent with the localization of the cerebrovascular lesion, and influenced by underlying pathology. Four cats with infarction showed lateralized neurologic signs. Four cats with infarctions were diagnosed with pulmonary disease antemortem and three cats had hyperthyroidism. Cerebrospinal fluid analysis and computed tomography scans were available in two cats. None of the infarctions were grossly visible. All cats with hemorrhagic infarcts had severe liver pathology and nephritis was identified in four cats. Hypoxia was a feature in four cats and one cat suffered cardiac failure. In conclusion, the clinical picture is influenced by the type of cerebrovascular disease, the localization of the intracranial lesions, and any underlying pathology. |
| 2011/03 FDG Pet/CT Imaging in Canine Cancer Patients 2-Deoxy-2-[18F]fluoro-d-glucose positron emission tomography/computed tomography (FDG PET/CT) is becoming increasingly available as an imaging modality in veterinary medicine. The purpose of this study was to report semiquantitative standard uptake values (SUV) of malignant and nonmalignant tissues and organs in canine cancer patients. |
| 2011/03 Computed Tomographic Appearance of Primary Lung Tumors in Dogs Canine primary lung tumors typically appear radiographically as a well-circumscribed solitary mass in the periphery of a caudal lung lobe. Consolidated and diffuse forms of primary lung tumors have also been described. Nineteen dogs with computed tomographic (CT) images of the thorax and a histological diagnosis of primary lung tumor (17 primary carcinomas and two primary sarcomas) were evaluated retrospectively to characterize the CT findings. |
| 2011/01 The Vetmousetrap™: A Device for Computed Tomographic Imaging of the Thorax of Awake Cats The VetMousetrap™, a novel device that allows computed tomography (CT) of awake cats and provides a clinically supportive environment, is described. Ten normal cats were used to test the device for ambient internal oxygen, carbon dioxide levels, and temperature. |
| 2011/01 Radiography and Computed Tomography in the Diagnosis of Nonneoplastic Equine Mandibular Disease We compared the information gained from computed tomography (CT) vs. radiography in horses with nonneoplastic disease of the mandible. |
| 2011/01 Imaging the Cranial Nerves An understanding of the normal course of the cranial nerves (CN) is essential when interpreting images of patients with cranial neuropathies. CN foramina are depicted best using computed X-ray tomography, but the nerves are depicted best using magnetic resonance imaging. The function and anatomy of the CN in the dog are reviewed and selected examples of lesions affecting the CN are illustrated. |
| 2011/01 Imaging Dogs with Suspected Disc Herniation: Pros and Cons of Myelography, Computed Tomography, and Magnetic Resonance Myelography, computed tomography (CT), and magnetic resonance (MR) imaging are the diagnostic modalities currently used in the evaluation of dogs with suspected disc herniation. Where high-field MR imaging is available, it is considered the optimal modality for any myelopathy in dogs, including those with disc disease. CT myelography may be the next best option, particularly in nonchondrodystrophoid dogs. In chondrodystrophoid dogs, in which extrusion of mineralized disc material is common, plain CT will enable diagnosis in most cases. Myelography is still considered adequate for diagnosis of disc herniation when MR and CT are unavailable. |
| 2011/01 Imaging Diagnosis—Congenital Lobar Emphysema in a Dog A 14-week-old female West Highland White Terrier developed acute dyspnea. Radiographically there was an enlarged, hyperlucent caudal portion of the left cranial lung lobe and a diffuse, severe interstitial-to-alveolar pattern in the remaining lung lobes that was accentuated caudodorsally. Computed tomography confirmed the presence of the emphysematous lobe and further showed it to have focal lobar bronchial collapse. Lung lobe resection was performed, and the diagnosis was congenital lobar emphysema secondary to bronchial cartilage hypoplasia. |
| 2011/01 Computed Tomographic Characteristics of Intrapelvic Masses in Dogs In people, the computed tomography (CT) characteristics of intrapelvic masses can be used to distinguish a malignant from a benign mass. As prognosis varies greatly between malignant and benign intrapelvic masses, knowledge of their biological behavior can aid treatment planning before surgery. The purpose of this study was to determine if CT characteristics exist to help differentiate benign from malignant intrapelvic masses in dogs. |
| 2010/11 Imaging Diagnosis—Tracheobronchial Zygomycosis in a Cat Tracheobronchial zygomycosis is described in a cat with acute dyspnea. Zygomycetes are an uncommon opportunistic group of pathogens, and few examples have been described in feline patients. |
| 2010/11 Imaging Diagnosis—Spinal Cord Chondrosarcoma Associated with Spirocercosis in a Dog A 7-year-old neutered female Boerboel cross was examined for progressive left pelvic limb lameness. There was no left patellar reflex but the remaining pelvic limb reflexes were hyperreflexic. Radiographically, there was a poorly mineralized opacity occupying the intervertebral foramen at L4–L5. On computed tomography images there was a hyperattenuating intramedullary lesion at L4–L5 that continued caudally, lateralized to the left and became extramedullary, terminating at L5–L6. In addition, well marginated, hyperattenuating lesions were noted at two muscular sites. The dog underwent euthanasia and a caudal esophageal mass was found at post mortem examination. The tumors in the spinal cord, the esophagus, and the skeletal muscles were diagnosed histologically as low-grade chondrosarcoma undergoing endochondral ossification. Spirocerca lupi-induced esophageal chondrosarcoma was believed to be the primary site from which the other, presumably metastatic, lesions originated. |
| 2010/11 Computed Tomography Variations in Morphology of the Canine Atlas in Dogs with and without Atlantoaxial Subluxation Computed tomography images of 120 dogs were reviewed to characterize variations in atlas morphology, and to identify breed-specific morphologic features. |
| 2010/11 Comparison of Examination of Thoracic Radiographs and Thoracic Computed Tomography in Dogs with Appendicular Osteosarcoma Appendicular osteosarcoma (OSA) is a highly metastatic tumour in dogs. The aim of the study was to compare thoracic radiographs with thoracic computed tomography (CT) in the staging of canine appendicular OSA. |
| 2010/11 Characterization of Physiologic 18f-FDG Uptake with PET-CT in Dogs We evaluated the whole body distribution of 2-deoxy-2-[18F]fluoro-d-glucose (18F-FDG) in seven beagle dogs using positron emission tomography/computed tomography. The mean and maximum standard uptake values (SUV) for various tissues were computed. The SUV of the aortic blood pool was 0.65±0.19. Moderate uptake was present in brain (3.40±1.01). Mild uptake was present in orbital muscles, soft palate, laryngeal and pharyngeal region, mandibular salivary gland, myocardium, liver, pancreas, kidney, and intestine. 18F-FDG uptake would be normally higher in these tissues because of normal physiologic activity. Mean and maximum SUV values of the eye, skeletal muscle, bone tissue, spleen, adrenal gland, stomach, tongue, gall bladder, and lung were similar to or lower than that of the aortic blood pool. These data provide a normal baseline for comparing pathologic 18F-FDG uptake. |
| 2010/09 Imaging Diagnosis—Intrapericardial Right Auricle Aneurysm in a Dog An 11-year-old, male, Pekinese was examined because of a sporadic, nonresponsive, nonproductive cough. Radiographically there was cardiomegaly and a soft tissue mass in the cranial mediastinum. Echocardiographically, chronic degenerative valvular disease was diagnosed. Furthermore, a large anechoic structure located cranial to the right atrium was detected. Computed tomography was performed to define the mediastinal mass and a right auricle aneurysm was diagnosed. The dog died suddenly 1 day after the diagnostic imaging procedures. At necropsy, a right auricular aneurysm without discontinuity of the pericardial sac was confirmed. Intrapericardial right auricular aneurysm should be included in the differential diagnoses of cranial mediastinal masses. |
| 2010/09 Imaging Diagnosis—Celiac Artery Pseudoaneurysm Associated with a Migrating Grass Awn The ultrasound and computed tomography findings of a retroperitoneal pseudoaneurysm associated with a grass awn are described in a 10-month-old dog. |
| 2010/07 Computed Tomography Features of Middle Ear Cholesteatoma in Dogs We describe the computed tomography (CT) findings in 11 dogs with middle ear cholesteatoma. |
| 2010/07 Computed Tomography Characteristics of Canine Tracheobronchial Lymph Node Metastasis Tracheobronchial lymph node evaluation is critical for accurate staging of canine thoracic neoplasia and is more accurately achieved with computed tomography (CT) than radiography. Thoracic CT scans of 18 canine patients with known tracheobronchial lymph node histopathology and 10 clinically normal dogs were compared to establish if enlargement or contrast enhancement pattern correlated with metastatic status. |
| 2010/07 Clinical Application of Patlak Plot CT-GFR in Animals with Upper Urinary Tract Disease Glomerular filtration rate (GFR), an important parameter of renal function, is difficult to assess clinically. Serum creatinine and blood urea nitrogen measurements lack sensitivity, whereas radionuclide determination of GFR is not always available and requires postinjection patient isolation. GFR can be determined using computed tomography (CT), most commonly via Patlak plot analysis. There was a significant relationship between CT-GFR and serum creatinine values, which supports the clinical potential of CT-GFR and justifies further investigation of this technique. |
| 2010/07 Cardiac Magnetic Resonance Imaging in Normal Dogs and Two Dogs with Heart Base Tumor We describe the technique for in vivo cardiac-gated magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in normal dogs and its application in two dogs with a large right atrial tumor. The dogs with a cardiac tumor were also imaged using contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance angiography (CE-MRA). |
| 2010/05 The Use of Computed Tomography for Assessment of the Swim Bladder in Koi Carp (Cyprinus Carpio) Seven normal koi (Cyprinus carpio) and seven koi with negative buoyancy were examined using computed tomography (CT) to assess the swim bladder. The volume of the swim bladder was calculated in all animals. In the healthy koi there was a statistical correlation (r = 0.996) between body mass and swim bladder volume with volume (ml) being related to body mass according to the formula 4.9 +/- 0.054 x BM (g). In all koi with buoyancy problems, the gas volume of the swim bladder was reduced. Additionally, fluid was found within the swim bladder in three of the abnormal koi. CT proved to be a quick noninvasive technique for the examination of the swim bladder in koi. |
| 2010/05 Imaging Diagnosis--Dorsal Mediastinal T-Cell Lymphoma in an Alpaca A 14-year-old male alpaca had refractory pleural effusion. The cause of the effusion was not apparent either radiographically or sonographically, or following a pleural fluid cytologic examination. Using computed tomographic (CT) examination, a dorsal paravertebral mass was identified and similar masses were found in the cranial mediastinum, retroperitoneal space, and adjacent to the hepatic entry of the portal vein. The histopathologic diagnosis was multicentric T-cell lymphoma. |
| 2010/05 Evaluation of Different Computed Tomography Techniques and Myelography for the Diagnosis of Acute Canine Myelopathy Forty-six dogs with either cervical (C1-C5 or C6-T2) or thoracolumbar (T3-L3) acute myelopathy underwent prospective conventional computed tomography (CT), angiographic CT, myelography, and CT myelography. |
| 2010/05 Computed Tomography and Radiographic Indirect Lymphography for Visualization of Mammary Lymphatic Vessels and the Sentinel Lymph Node in Normal Cats The potential of computed tomography indirect lymphography (CT-indirect lymphography) and radiographic indirect lymphography to demonstrate the draining lymphatic vessels and sentinel lymph node of normal mammary glands was tested in 31 healthy female cats. |
| 2010/05 Computed Tomography Angiography for Evaluation of Pulmonary Embolism in an Experimental Model and Heartworm Infested Dogs This study was performed to characterize pulmonary embolism with computed tomography pulmonary angiography in experimental pulmonary embolism and heartworm infected dogs. |
| 2010/05 Comparison of Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Computed Tomography, and Radiography for Assessment of Noncartilaginous Changes in Equine Metacarpophalangeal Osteoarthritis We compared the ability of 1.5 T magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), computed tomography (CT), and computed radiography (CR) to evaluate noncartilaginous structures of the equine metacarpophalangeal joint (MCP), and the association of imaging changes with gross cartilage damage in the context of osteoarthritis. |
| 2010/03 Imaging Diagnosis--Fdg-Pet/CT of a Canine Splenic Plasma Cell Tumor An 8-year-old Shih Tzu developed abdominal pain and hyperglobulinemia. A round splenic mass was noted radiographically and sonographically. The patient was evaluated by fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography coupled with computed tomography (FDG-PET/CT). There was no evidence of metastasis or bone marrow involvement on PET/CT images. The standardized uptake value (SUV) of the splenic mass was increased over the reference range (SUV = 4.83). The patient was diagnosed as splenic extramedullary plasmacytoma through immunohistopathologic study. After the splenectomy, the globulin level normalized and the patient is alive without complications. |
| 2010/03 Effects of Anesthetic Protocol on Normal Canine Brain Uptake of 18f-Fdg Assessed by Pet/CT The purpose of this study was to assess the effects of four anesthetic protocols on normal canine brain uptake of 2-deoxy-2-[18F]fluoro-D-glucose (FDG) using positron emission tomography/computed tomography (PET/CT). |
| 2010/03 Computed Tomographic Changes Associated with the Prepatent and Early Patent Phase of Dirofilariasis in an Experimentally Infected Dog Evolution of pulmonary arterial and parenchymal changes as assessed with computed tomography (CT) is described in a dog experimentally infected with Dirofilaria immitis. |
| 2010/01 Imaging Diagnosis-Equine Nasal Septal Thickening Due to Chronic Chondritis We describe the use of computed tomography (CT) in a 6-year-old mare with upper airway obstruction due to an abnormally thick nasal septum. Upon CT imaging, multifocal, expansile cyst-like lesions were detected in the nasal septum. The histopathologic diagnosis was chronic dissecting chondritis. Resection of the abnormal nasal septum resulted in resolution of the clinical signs. |
| 2010/01 Computed Tomographic Analysis of Calvarial Hyperostosis in Captive Lions Osseous malformations in the skull and cervical vertebrae of lions in captivity are believed to be caused by hypovitaminosis A. These often lead to severe neurologic abnormalities and may result in death. We describe the characterization of these abnormalities based on computed tomography (CT). |
| 2010/01 Acquired Portal Collateral Circulation in the Dog and Cat We describe patterns of acquired portal collateral circulation in dogs and in a cat using multidetector row computed tomography angiography. |
| 2009/12 Computed Tomography of the Upper Cheek Teeth in Horses with Infundibular Changes and Apical Infection REASONS FOR PERFORMING STUDY: Infundibular changes are frequently encountered computed tomographic studies of the equine maxillary cheek teeth but the possible importance of this finding is not known. Infundibular caries is a possible cause for pulpitis and apical infection in some horses. OBJECTIVES: To study the relationship between the 2 pathologies and the frequency of changes. CONCLUSIONS: A direct relationship between the 2 processes was not established statistically and other underlying causes for the high occurrence of both apical infection and infundibular changes in diseased and normal 108-208, 109-209 and 110-210 are considered. |
| 2009/11 Use of 3'-Deoxy-3'-[18f]Fluorothymidine Pet/CT for Evaluating Response to Cytotoxic Chemotherapy in Dogs with Non-Hodgkin's Lymphoma Imaging and measurement of proliferation with computed tomography (CT) and positron emission tomography (PET) provide a noninvasive method for improved staging and monitoring of response to cancer treatment. We evaluated prospectively the proliferation marker 3'-deoxy-3'[18F] fluorothymidine (FLT) in the context of FLT-PET/CT for detection of early response, confirmation of posttreatment response, and prediction of relapse in dogs with non-Hodgkin's lymphoma. |
| 2009/11 Regional Brain Perfusion in Epileptic Dogs Evaluated by Technetium-99m-Ethyl Cysteinate Dimer Spect We evaluated the feasibility of interictal single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) to detect alterations in regional cerebral blood flow and neuronal activity in dogs with idiopathic epilepsy. |
| 2009/11 Incomplete Ossification of the Atlas in Dogs with Cervical Signs Osseous defects affecting the atlas were identified in computed tomography and magnetic resonance images of five dogs with cervical signs including pain, ataxia, tetraparesis, or tetraplegia. |
| 2009/11 Computed Tomography Bronchial Lumen to Pulmonary Artery Diameter Ratio in Dogs without Clinical Pulmonary Disease Bronchiectasis is diagnosed in humans using multiple computed tomography (CT) criteria, the most important being dilatation of the bronchi. The most widely used criterion for detection of bronchial dilatation is a bronchial lumen to pulmonary artery diameter (bronchoarterial [BA]) ratio > 1.0. The BA ratio in these clinically normal dogs was consistent and may be a useful tool in evaluating for bronchiectasis on CT images. BA ratios >2.0 were not identified in this population, suggesting a threshold to differentiate normal from abnormal bronchi. |
| 2009/11 Comparison of Flat-Panel Digital to Conventional Film-Screen Radiography in Detection of Experimentally Created Lesions of the Equine Third Metacarpal Bone Radiographic diagnosis of equine bone disease using digital radiography is prevalent in veterinary practice. However, the diagnostic quality of digital vs. conventional radiography has not been compared systematically. We hypothesized that digital radiography would be superior to film-screen radiography for detection of subtle lesions of the equine third metacarpal bone. |
| 2009/11 An Innovative Technique for Displaying Three Dimensional Radiographic Anatomy of Synovial Structures in the Equine Distal Limb Radiography is the most commonly applied imaging modality in equine practice and forms an essential part of the diagnostic work-up of lame horses. Radiographic signs of musculoskeletal pathology are frequently localized at sites of soft tissue attachment, which are often not clearly visible on radiographs. Different lesions carry different prognoses and require a variety of treatments, and a good knowledge of the position of the synovial structures in the distal limb of the horse is essential for practitioners in the interpretation of radiographs. This study describes a new technique for creating three-dimensional (3D) models of the synovial structures and superimposing them onto radiographs for the purpose of teaching radiographic anatomy. |
| 2009/11 A Technique for Ultrasound-Guided Paravertebral Brachial Plexus Injections in Dogs Using cadaveric dogs, we established the ultrasonographic landmarks for performing paravertebral injections around the brachial plexus nerve roots in the dog, and assessed the accuracy and regional spread of the aliquots. |
| 2009/09 Haemangiosarcoma in the Uterine Remnant of a Spayed Female Dog A 11-year-old, female, spayed greyhound was presented with a haemorrhagic discharge from the vulva. Clinical examination, vaginoscopy and a computed tomography scan showed an irregular egg-sized mass in the region of the cervix and uterine stump. An endoscopic grab biopsy (incisional) suggested a malignant mesenchymal tumour. Following this, surgical excision of the cranial vagina, cervix and the uterine remnant was performed. The final diagnosis of haemangiosarcoma was based on histological examination of the larger excisional biopsy specimen and was confirmed by positive immunolabelling of the neoplastic endothelial cells for the von Willebrand factor. |
| 2009/09 Computed Tomography of the Lung of Healthy Snakes of the Species Python Regius, Boa Constrictor, Python Reticulatus, Morelia Viridis, Epicrates Cenchria, and Morelia Spilota Thirty-nine healthy boid snakes representing six different species (Python regius, Boa constrictor, Python reticulatus, Morelia viridis, Epicrates cenchria, and Morelia spilota) were examined using computed tomography (CT) to characterize the normal appearance of the respiratory tissue. |
| 2009/09 Anatomic Study of Cranial Nerve Emergence and Associated Skull Foramina in Cats Using CT and MRI Magnetic resonance (MR) images of the brain of four normal cats were reviewed retrospectively to assess the emergence and course of the cranial nerves (CNs). Two-millimeter-thick images were obtained in transverse, sagittal, and dorsal planes using a 1.5 T unit. CN skull foramina, as anatomic landmarks for MR imaging, were identified by computed tomography performed on an isolated cat skull using thin wire within each skull foramen. |
| 2009/07 Radiographic and Computed Tomography Findings in Belgian Shepherd Dogs with Mild Elbow Dysplasia We compared computed tomography (CT) and radiographic findings of Belgian shepherds with grade 1 or borderline elbow dysplasia to determine whether the radiopaque area dorsal to the anconeal process and seen in mediolateral 45∞ flexed radiographs is formed by osteophytes, or whether it is an anatomic variation. |
| 2009/07 Myelography Vs. Computed Tomography in the Evaluation of Acute Thoracolumbar Intervertebral Disk Extrusion in Chondrodystrophic Dogs Myelography and/or computed tomography (CT) are commonly used to evaluate acute intervertebral disk extrusion in chondrodystrophic dogs. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the sensitivity of myelography and two different CT protocols in determining level and lateralization of acute thoracolumbar intervertebral disk extrusion in comparison with surgical findings, investigate interobserver variability, and determine examination duration times. |
| 2009/07 Dynamic Computed Tomography to Measure Tissue Perfusion in Spontaneous Canine Tumors Dynamic computed tomography (CT) is widely used in humans to determine tumor perfusion via time-attenuation curves. |
| 2009/07 Comparison of Computed Tomography and Magnetic Resonance Imaging for the Evaluation of Canine Intranasal Neoplasia OBJECTIVES: Canine intranasal neoplasia is commonly evaluated using computed tomography to indicate the diagnosis, to determine disease extent, to guide histological sampling location and to plan treatment. With the expanding use of magnetic resonance imaging in veterinary medicine, this modality has been recently applied for the same purpose. The aim of this study was to compare the features of canine intranasal neoplasia using computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging. CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE: We conclude that computed tomography is satisfactory for evaluation of canine intranasal neoplasia, and no clinically relevant benefit is gained using magnetic resonance imaging for intranasal neoplasia without extent into the cranial cavity. |
| 2009/07 Comparative Structural Analysis of the Canine Femoral Head in Legg-Calve'-Perthes Disease The goal of this study was to examine the microarchitecture of the trabecular bone of the canine femoral head using microcomputed tomography (micro-CT) technology. |
| 2009/07 A Complementary Radiographic Projection of the Equine Temporomandibular Joint The complexity of the equine skull makes the temporomandibular joint a difficult area to evaluate radiographically. The goal of this study was to determine the optimal angle for a complementary radiographic projection of the equine temporomandibular joint based on a computed tomography (CT) cadaver study. |
| 2009/06 Use of Force Plate Analysis to Evaluate the Efficacy of External Beam Radiation to Alleviate Osteosarcoma Pain A standard of therapy for osteosarcoma includes amputation with or without adjuvant chemotherapy. There is a subset of dogs with osteosarcoma that are unsuitable for amputation. We evaluated kinetic variables in dogs with appendicular osteosarcoma treated with a single 8+Gy dose of radiation. Eighteen pet dogs with appendicular osteosarcoma received one 8+Gy fraction of palliative radiation on day 0. |
| 2009/06 Surgical Treatment of a Canine Intranasal Meningoencephalocele OBJECTIVE: To report the clinical signs, diagnosis, and surgical treatment of an intranasal meningoencephalocele in a dog. CONCLUSION: Meningoencephalocele, although rare, can cause seizures in dogs and can be treated surgically. CLINICAL RELEVANCE: A transfrontal craniotomy with excision of the meningoencephalocele and closure of the defect can be an effective treatment for an intranasal meningoencephalocele in dogs. |
| 2009/05 Use of Contrast-Enhanced Computed Tomography to Assess Angiogenesis in Deep Digital Flexor Tendonopathy in a Horse We compared contrast-enhanced computed tomography (CT) and high field magnetic resonance (MR) imaging in a horse with deep digital flexor tendonopathy. |
| 2009/05 The Relative Sensitivity of Computed Tomography and Myelography for Identification of Thoracolumbar Intervertebral Disk Herniations in Dogs We compared the relative sensitivity of computed tomography (CT) and myelography for identification of disk herniation in dogs. |
| 2009/05 Prognostic Significance of Tumor Histology and Computed Tomographic Staging for Radiation Treatment Response of Canine Nasal Tumors Prognostic significance of tumor histology and four computed tomography (CT) staging methods was tested retrospectively in dogs from three treatment centers that underwent intent-to-cure-radiotherapy for intranasal neoplasia. Combining CT and histology statistically improved prognostic significance for both survival endpoints over the proposed CT staging method alone. Significance was lost when CT stages were collapsed to < four categories or histopathology groupings were collapsed to < three categories. |
| 2009/05 Impact of Tissue Inhomogeneity on Dose Distribution in the Canine Carpal and Tarsal Regions for Cobalt and 6 Mv Photons We quantified the effect of tissue inhomogeneity on dose distribution in a canine distal extremity resulting from treatment with cobalt photons and photons from a 6†MV accelerator. |
| 2009/05 Imaging Features of Atlanto-Occipital Overlapping in Dogs The imaging features of four dogs with atlanto-occipital overlapping are described. This malformation appeared to play a role in the development of neck pain, ataxia, variable cerebellar involvement, medullary kinking, and possibly syringomyelia. |
| 2009/05 Evaluation of a Head-Repositioner and Z-Plate System for Improved Accuracy of Dose Delivery Radiation therapy requires accurate dose delivery to targets often identifiable only on computed tomography (CT) images. Translation between the isocenter localized on CT and laser setup for radiation treatment, and interfractional head repositioning are frequent sources of positioning error. The objective was to design a simple, accurate apparatus to eliminate these sources of error. |
| 2009/05 Comparison of Single-Slice Computed Tomography Protocols for Detection of Pulmonary Nodules in Dogs Two dogs (4 and 38†kg) with radiographic evidence of pulmonary nodules were evaluated using single-slice, helical computed tomography (CT). . |
| 2009/04 Evaluation of the Volumes of Cranial Cavities in Cavalier King Charles Spaniels with Chiari-Like Malformation and Other Brachycephalic Dogs as Measured Via Computed Tomography OBJECTIVE-To measure the absolute and relative volumes of cranial vaults of Cavalier King Charles Spaniels (CKCSs) and other brachycephalic dogs for the purpose of evaluating a possible association between the volume of the caudal fossa (fossa caudalis cerebri; CF) and existence of Chiari-like malformation (CLM) and syringohydromyelia in CKCSs. |
| 2009/03
Dynamic liver CT scanning is used to observe the hemodynamics of hepatic tumor-like lesions by taking images sequentially after administration of contrast media. In this study in dogs, we compared the hemodynamic patterns of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), one of the malignant tumors, and nodular hyperplasia (NH), a benign tumor that is more common in older dogs. Thirty-six dogs with HCC and 40 dogs with NH, which were histopathologically diagnosed at Taniura Animal Hospital, were used as subjects. |
| 2009/03 The Computed Tomographic Appearance of Equine Temporohyoid Osteoarthropathy Equine temporohyoid osteoarthropathy is characterized by progressive osseous proliferation of the temporohyoid articulation and surrounding structures. The diagnosis has generally been made using radiography and endoscopy of the guttural pouch. Recently, computed tomography (CT) has been used in the diagnosis of temporohyoid osteoarthropathy. This study was performed to determine the CT imaging characteristics of temporohyoid osteoarthropathy and to compare these to radiographic and endoscopic findings. |
| 2009/03 Comparison of Clinical, Radiographic, Computed Tomographic, and Magnetic Resonance Imaging Methods for Early Prediction of Canine Hip Laxity and Dysplasia The purpose of the study was to use two palpation methods (Bardens and Ortolani), a radiographic distraction view, three computed tomography (CT) measurements (dorsolateral subluxation score, the lateral center-edge angle, and acetabular ventroversion angle) and two magnetic resonance (MR) imaging hip studies (synovial fluid and acetabular depth indices) in the early monitoring of hip morphology and laxity in 720139 week old puppies; and in a follow-up study to compare their accuracy in predicting later hip laxity and dysplasia. |
| 2009/02 Use of a Petroleum-Based Bolus for Photon Radiation Therapy of Distal Extremities in Dogs While skin sparing is an advantage of megavoltage beams, in certain clinical situations the planning target volume includes the skin surface and a skin sparing effect is not desirable. A tissue equivalent material, termed build up bolus, is used in these situations to provide adequate absorbed dose at the surface of the skin. However, an irregular patient contour can lead to air gaps between the build up bolus and the skin surface, which may result in variability in radiation dose across the target volume. The shape of the canine distal hind extremity is irregular, and commercially available bolus materials do not conform well to this region. |
| 2009/02 Computed Tomographic Arthrography of the Stifle for Detection of Cranial and Caudal Cruciate Ligament and Meniscal Tears in Dogs The purpose of this study was to evaluate the utility of single-detector computed tomographic arthrography (CT arthrography) for the diagnosis of cranial and caudal cruciate ligament and meniscal lesions in the dog stifle. Four normal and 25 abnormal stifle joints, determined to have lesions related to intra-articular ligamentous insufficiency based on clinical history, orthopedic examination, and survey orthogonal radiographs, were imaged using a previously developed CT arthrography protocol. Surgery was performed immediately following the CT procedure. |
| 2009/01 Time-Resolved Renal Contrast-Enhanced MRA in Normal Dogs In humans, contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance angiography (CE-MRA) is a documented method to quantitatively and qualitatively evaluate renal vessels. It offers a safer alternative to computed tomography angiography. |
| 2009/01 Quantitative Computed Tomography Evaluation of Pulmonary Disease Objective assessment of pulmonary disease from computed tomography (CT) examinations is desirable but difficult. When such assessments can be made, it is important that they are related to some part of the pathophysiologic process present. The study shows that this form of analysis is readily achieved and provides quantitative data that can be used to assess disease severity, progression, and response to treatment. |
| 2009/01 Imaging Diagnosis-Pulmonary Interstitial Emphysema in a Dog In humans, pulmonary interstitial emphysema is most frequently seen in ventilated preterm newborns with severe lung disease; it is less frequently reported in adults. We report on a mature dog with pneumopathy that underwent computed tomography (CT) imaging to further characterize the lung disease. |
| 2009/01 Computed Tomographic Imaging Protocol for the Canine Cervical and Lumbar Spine Computed tomography (CT) has been applied previously for assessment of canine spinal disease using a multitude of different technical imaging parameters. The purpose of this study was to establish an optimized imaging protocol for the cervical and lumbar canine spine using a single-detector-row helical CT unit. |
| 2009/01 Computed Tomographic Findings of Fungal Rhinitis and Sinusitis in Cats The computed tomographic (CT) findings of fungal rhinitis/sinusitis in cats were characterized. The CT images of 10 cats ranging in age from 7 to 13 years were examined. The mean age was 10.8 years and all were neutered males. Nasal aspergillosis was diagnosed in five cats, cryptococcosis in three cats, hyalohyphomycosis in one cat, and trichosporonosis in one cat. |
| 2008/12 Three-Dimensional CT Angiography of the Canine Hepatic Vasculature Eight Beagle dogs were anesthetized and were imaged using a single channel helical CT scanner. The contrast medium used in this study was iohexol (300 mg I/ml) and doses were 0.5 ml/kg for a cine scan, 3 ml/kg for an enhanced scan. The flow rate for contrast material administration was 2 ml/sec for all scans. This study was divided into three steps, with unenhanced, cine and enhanced scans. |
| 2008/12 Evaluation of Partial Cranial Cruciate Ligament Rupture with Positive Contrast Computed Tomographic Arthrography in Dogs Computed tomographic arthrography (CTA) of four cadaveric canine stifles was performed before and after partial cranial cruciate ligament rupture in order to verify the usefulness of CTA examination for the diagnosis of partial cranial cruciate ligament rupture. |
| 2008/11 Computed Tomographic Imaging of the Normal Immature California Sea Lion Head (<I>Zalophus Californianus</I>) Different computed tomography (CT) protocols were tested to optimize imaging of the head of the California sea lion. |
| 2008/11 Computed Tomographic Features of Lung Lobe Torsion The imaging features of lung lobe torsion in 10 dogs (nine complete, one partial torsion) acquired with a helical single-slice computed tomography (CT) unit are described. |
| 2008/10 Comparison of Ultrasound, Computed Tomography, and Magnetic Resonance Imaging in Detection of Acute Wooden Foreign Bodies in the Canine Manus We evaluated the diagnostic sensitivity of ultrasound, nonenhanced computed tomography (CT) and nonenhanced magnetic resonance (MR) imaging in detecting wooden foreign bodies in the canine manus. |
| 2008/09 Computed Tomographic Adrenal Gland Quantification in Canine Adrenocorticotroph Hormone-Dependent Hyperadrenocorticism We conducted a retrospective study to determine whether multidetector computed tomography (CT) could be of value for adrenal gland assessment in dogs with pituitary-dependent hyperadrenocorticism. |
| 2008/09 Chiari-Like Malformation and Syringomyelia in Normal Cavalier King Charles Spaniels: A Multiple Diagnostic Imaging Approach OBJECTIVES: The objectives of the study were (1) to report the incidence of Chiari-like malformation and syringomyelia in a normal French cavalier King Charles spaniel breeding population; (2) to precise the standard computed tomography dimensions of the caudal fossa and (3) to investigate the use of ultrasonography in diagnosis of this syndrome. |
| 2008/09 CT-Guided Stereotactic Brain Biopsy Using the Kopf Stereotactic System This report describes computed tomography (CT)-guided stereotactic brain biopsy using the Kopf stereotactic system, a commercially available patient restraint system which does not require additional modification for use in small animals. |
| 2008/07 Laparoscopically Implanted Tissue Expander Radiotherapy in Canine Transitional Cell Carcinoma Organ motion and injury to adjacent structures limit curative treatment of intraabdominal tumors with external beam radiotherapy. We evaluated the use of Laparoscopically Implanted Tissue Expander Radiotherapy (LITE-RT) to exclude critical structures during irradiation of the urinary bladder in two dogs with transitional cell carcinoma (TCC) using helical tomotherapy. |
| 2008/07 Characterization of Normal Feline Renal Vascular Anatomy with Dual-Phase CT Angiography Helical computed tomography angiography was used to evaluate the renal vascular anatomy of potential feline renal donors. |
| 2008/06 Virtual CT Otoscopy of the Middle Ear and Ossicles in Dogs Virtual otoscopy enables noninvasive 3D endoluminal imaging of the middle ear through postprocessing of computed tompgraphy (CT) data. A standardized imaging approach for the middle ear was established in six normal dogs in an attempt to optimize the clinical application and student education. High-resolution CT data were obtained. Virtual otoscopic images of the middle ear cavity and ossicles were generated using commercially available software. |
| 2008/06 Imaging Diagnosis: Azygous Continuation of the Caudal Vena Cava with and without Portocaval Shunting The CT angiographic features of azygous continuation of an interrupted caudal vena cava in dogs with and without portocaval shunting are described. Azygous continuation of a discontinuous caudal vena cava is usually an incidental finding, not associated with portosystemic shunting. Identification of an associated portosystemic shunt will determine the need for surgical intervention. CT angiography provides a means for making this distinction and details the course and size of the anomalous vessels. Focal widening of the caudal vena cava on a VD thoracic radiograph should raise suspicion for azygous vein distension. |
| 2008/06 A Case of an Ectopic Thyroid Gland at the Lateral Neck Masquerading as a Metastatic Papillary Thyroid Carcinoma Ectopic thyroid glands generally occur in the midline as a result of abnormal median migration, and their presence lateral to the midline is rare. We present one case of an ectopic thyroid gland masquerading as a lateral neck metastasis of a papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC). In this case of a 54-yr-old woman with left PTC, we suspected left lateral neck metastasis on preoperative neck computed tomography. |
| 2008/05 Radiographic, Computed Tomographic, and Ultrasonographic Findings with Migrating Intrathoracic Grass Awns in Dogs and Cats The purpose of this study was to describe the clinical, radiographic, and computed tomographic findings in dogs and cats with migrating intrathoracic grass awns. |
| 2008/05 Effect of Contrast Media Formulation on Computed Tomography Angiographic Contrast Enhancement The characteristics of contrast media formulation (mgI/ml, osmolarity, and viscosity) are generally not considered important in computed tomography (CT) angiography in animals. The purpose of this study was to assess the contrast effect in CT angiography as a function of contrast media formulation, with a constant iodine dose. |
| 2008/03 Prognosis of Canine Patients with Nasal Tumors According to Modified Clinical Stages Based on Computed Tomography: A Retrospective Study To evaluate the efficacy of clinical staging based on computed tomography (CT) imaging over the World Health Organization (WHO) staging system based on radiography for nasal tumors in dogs, a retrospective study was conducted. This study used 112 dogs that had nasal tumors; they had undergone radiography and CT and had been histologically confirmed as having nasal tumors. The results suggest that WHO stage III dogs may have various levels of tumor progression, indicating that the CT staging system may be more accurate than the WHO staging system. |
| 2008/03 Imaging Diagnosis-Sublumbar Pseudomycetoma in a Persian Cat A 6-year-old Persian cat was examined for constipation, anorexia, and vomiting that was subsequently found to be due to a pseudomycetoma originating from the descending colon and sublumbar region, and causing mechanical obstruction of the colon and rectum. Multiple discrete hyperechoic foci likely representing fungal grains within the lesion gave the mass a coarse echotexture on ultrasound and was supportive of the diagnosis and computed tomography allowed delineation the extent of the mass. |
| 2008/03 Dual-Phase Computed Tomographic Angiography in Three Dogs with Pancreatic Insulinoma This article describes the findings in three dogs with histopathologically confirmed pancreatic insulinoma using dual-phase computed tomographic angiography (CTA). In all three dogs, dual-phase CTA findings identified lesions not seen on ultrasonography, including the actual identification of the primary pancreatic neoplasm in two dogs. CTA findings were in agreement with the surgical and histopathological findings. In two dogs, the insulinomas were found to have a strong enhancement during the arterial phase of the study but not at the other phases, which stresses the importance of dual-phase computed tomography for the diagnosis of this type of pancreatic neoplasia, in agreement with current knowledge in humans. |
| 2008/01 Postoperative Susceptibility Artifact During Magnetic Resonance Imaging of the Vertebral Column in Two Dogs and a Cat In humans that have undergone cervical diskectomy, magnetic susceptibility artifacts are often found on postoperative magnetic resonance (MR) images of the affected region. In some patients, these artifacts complicate image interpretation, while in others the artifacts lead to a false diagnosis of spinal cord compression. We describe two dogs and one cat that had susceptibility artifacts visible in postoperative MR images. |
| 2008/01 Imaging Diagnosis-Complex Intrahepatic Portosystemic Shunt in a Dog An unusual form of congenital intrahepatic portosystemic shunt was identified in a 3-month-old female Labrador Retriever with neurologic signs. Ultrasonography and contrast-enhanced computed tomography were used to characterize the shunt morphology. |
| 2008/01 Computed Tomographic Features of the Normal Canine Thyroid Gland The computed tomographic (CT) features of the normal thyroid gland were compiled from images acquired in 25 client-owned dogs without thyroid gland disease. The mean pre- and postcontrast attenuation values were 107.5 and 169.0 Hounsfield Units, respectively. After injection of intravenous contrast medium (600mg iodine/kg), the apparent thyroid gland volume (both lobes combined) increased from a mean value of 1148.0mm3 to a mean value of 1188.9mm3. |
| 2007/6 Imaging Diagnosis-Spinal Myxosarcoma in a Dog |
| 2007/11 Computed Tomographic Features of Skull Osteomyelitis in Four Young Dogs Computed tomography (CT) features of four immature to young adult dogs with osteomyelitis of the skull are described. Trauma or bite wounds were the cause of infection and Staphylococcus aureus was the most common pathogen. |
| 2007/11 Comparison of Gross and Histopathologic Findings with Quantitative Computed Tomographic Bone Density in the Distal Third Metacarpal Bone of Racehorses Comparison of subchondral bone density determined by quantitative computed tomography (CT) with gross and histopathologic changes have not been made in horses. The goal of this study was to determine if mean quantitative CT density and mean voxel standard deviation are associated with the presence and severity of osteochondral lesions in the palmar aspect of the distal third metacarpal bone in racing horses. |
| 2007/11 An Application of Image Processing Techniques in Computed Tomography Image Analysis An estimate of the thickness of subcutaneous adipose tissue at differing positions around the body was required in a study examining body composition. To eliminate human error associated with the manual placement of markers for measurements and to facilitate the collection of data from a large number of animals and image slices, automation of the process was desirable. |
| 2007/10 Pericardial Lipoma in a Geriatric Dog with an Incidentally Discovered Thoracic Mass An intrathoracic mass was discovered as an incidental finding in a 14-year-old, spayed, female Rottweiler cross during evaluation of urinary incontinence. Computed tomography suggested a pericardial or pleural location and high adipose content of the mass. Adipose tumours of the heart and its associated structures are rare in dogs and have been associated with both successful and fatal outcomes. |
| 2007/10 Computed Tomography (CT) of the Lungs of the Dog Using a Helical CT Scanner, Intravenous Iodine Contrast Medium and Different CT Windows The aim of this study was to determine the accuracy of helical computed tomography (CT) for visualizing pulmonary parenchyma and associated formations in normal dogs. |
| 2007/09 Imaging Diagnosis-Hyperostosis Associated with Meningioma in a Dog A 5-year-old neutered male Beagle mix dog had a 5-day history of generalized tonic-clonic seizures. Before the seizures, the dog had a 1-month history of progressive right hemiparesis. In computed tomography images, a presumed extraaxial mass with hyperostosis and destruction of the skull covering the mass were identified. Surgical excision was performed and the histopathologic diagnosis was meningioma. Hyperostosis is frequently associated with feline meningioma, but this report documents that hyperostosis may also occur secondary to meningioma in the dog. |
| 2007/09 Hepatic Volume Estimation Using Quantitative Computed Tomography in Dogs with Portosystemic Shunts The purpose of this study was to use quantitative computed tomography (CT) to estimate liver volume in dogs with a portosystemic shunt and to compare the liver volume in normal dogs to dogs with a shunt. |
| 2007/09 Dual Thyroid Ectopia with a Normally Located Pretracheal Thyroid Gland: Case Report and Literature Review BACKGROUND: Only 1 case with dual thyroid ectopy and a normally located thyroid gland has been reported. METHODS: We present the case of a 71-year-old woman who had 1-sided lateral neck swelling in the right submandibular space, which grew and doubled in size within 1 year. |
| 2007/08 Dog with a Functional Intra-Thoracic Thyroid Tumor |
| 2007/07 Craniotomy with Cystoperitoneal Shunting for Treatment of Intracranial Arachnoid Cysts in Dogs OBJECTIVE: To describe a technique of decompressive craniotomy with cystoperitoneal shunt (CPS) placement for treatment of canine intracranial arachnoid cyst (IAC), and to evaluate outcome in 4 dogs. |
| 2007/05 Imaging Diagnosis-Canine Thoracic Mesothelioma A 12-year-old neutered female Pembroke Welsh Corgi had a 2-month history of a progressive, productive cough nonresponsive to therapy. Mild pleural effusion, right middle lung lobe collapse, and multiple subpleural nodular lesions were detected in thoracic radiographs and computed tomography (CT) images. Histopathologic diagnosis of the pleural nodules was mesothelioma. Mesothelioma should be considered in patients where pleural masses are detected in radiographs or CT images. |
| 2007/05 Imaging Diagnosis-Bilateral Adrenal Adenomas and Myelolipomas in a Dog A 10-year-old neutered female Pug was evaluated for a left adrenal mass detected previously by ultrasonography. Using computed tomography, a fat-attenuating, rim-enhancing left adrenal mass and a homogeneous, soft-tissue attenuating, intensely enhancing right adrenal mass were found. A left adrenalectomy and right adrenal biopsy were performed and the final diagnosis was bilateral adrenal adenomas and myelolipomas. Myelolipomas are rare, benign, endocrinologically inactive tumors composed of well-differentiated adipose tissue and a variable amount of hematopoietic cells of both lymphatic and myeloid lineages, which may account for the different appearance on tomographic images. |
| 2007/05 Hyperthyroidism Due to an Intrathoracic Tumour in a Dog with Test Results Suggesting Hyperadrenocorticism The elevated urinary corticoid/creatinine ratios of an 11-year-old Jack Russell terrier with polyuria were suppressible in a high-dose dexamethasone suppression test, which was suggestive of pituitary-dependent hyperadrenocorticism. The absence of physical and routine-laboratory changes compatible with hyperadrenocorticism and the relatively high plasma thyroxine concentration were the impetus for additional studies of thyroid and adrenocortical functions. In conclusion, this report represents the first case of a dog with an autonomously hyperfunctioning thyroid tumour in the thorax. The elevated urinary corticoid excretion and the positive low-dose dexamethasone suppression test may be explained by alterations in cortisol metabolism, the stress of the hyperthyroid state or both. |
| 2007/05 Comparison of Isodose Distributions in Canine Brain in Heterogeneity-Corrected Versus Uncorrected Treatment Plans Using 6 Mv Photons Magnetic resonance (MR) images may be useful for radiation planning due to greater contrast resolution. One disadvantage of MR images for radiation planning is the inability to incorporate electron density information into the dose calculation algorithm. To assess the magnitude of this problem, we evaluated radiation dose distribution in canine brain by comparing computed tomography (CT)-based radiotherapy plans with and without electron density correction. |
| 2007/04 Virtual Endoscopy of Dogs Using Multi-Detector Row CT Virtual endoscopy uses CT data to display hollow viscera such as the stomach, duodenum and colon as if by real endoscopic observation. The results are independent of the operator skill because virtual endoscopy does not require direct manipulation of endoscopic equipment. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the utility of virtual endoscopy in small animals. Ten beagles were examined by conventional endoscopy and virtual endoscopy using multidetector CT. |
| 2007/03 Imaging Diagnosis-Metastatic Hemangiosarcoma Causing Cerebral Hemorrhage in a Dog A 9-year-old male Appenzeller mountain dog had progressive severe ataxia and central vestibular syndrome that was localized clinically to the brain stem. The cerebrospinal fluid characteristics were suggestive of hemorrhage into the subarachnoid space. On computed tomography (CT), hyperattenuating masses were found in the left lateral ventricle extending into the cerebrum, and another involving the cerebellum and brainstem. |
| 2007/03 Dynamic Helical Computed Tomography of the Pituitary Gland in Healthy Dogs Dynamic helical computed tomography (CT) of the pituitary gland can be used to image the three-dimensional shape and dimensions of abnormalities within the pituitary gland. The aim of this study was to develop a protocol for dynamic helical CT of the pituitary gland in healthy dogs as a future reference study for patients with pituitary disease. |
| 2007/03 Dynamic Computed Tomography of the Pancreas in Normal Dogs and in a Dog with Pancreatic Insulinoma To establish optimal imaging conditions for enhanced computed tomography (CT) for canine pancreatic tumors, 10 healthy beagles were subjected to dynamic CT. This technique was then applied to a dog with suspected insulinoma. |
| 2007/03 Determination of Optimal Window Width and Level for Measurement of the Canine Pituitary Gland Height on Computed Tomographic Images Using a Phantom The purpose of this study was to determine the optimal window level and width for accurate measurement of pituitary gland height in a phantom. |
| 2007/03 Contrast-Enhanced Computed Tomographic Imaging of the Auditory Tube in Mesaticephalic Dogs Computed tomography after contrast medium injection was performed in three mesaticephalic canine cadavers to image the auditory tube. |
| 2007/01 Intraarterial Contrast-Enhanced Computed Tomography of the Equine Distal Extremity A technique for regional delivery of contrast medium to the foot of the horse to increase the diagnostic utility of computed tomography (CT) for the characterization of soft tissue structures within the hoof capsule was developed. |
| 2007/01 Comparison of Transplenic Multidetector CT Portography to Multidetector CT-Angiography in Normal Dogs We evaluated transplenic injection of iodinated contrast medium for computed tomography (CT) assessment of the portal vasculature. Specific aims were to: (1) establish a protocol for transplenic transplenic CT portography using a 40-row multidetector scanner; (2) compare transplenic CT portography to dual-phase CT angiography in terms of image quality, opacification of the portal system, and contrast enhancement of the portal vasculature and liver; (3) compare personnel exposure during transplenic CT portography and transplenic portal scintigraphy. |
| 2006/11 Radiographic and Computed Tomographic Determination of Femoral Varus and Torsion in the Dog Diagnosis and quantification of femoral varus and femoral torsion using radiographs is technically challenging due to the difficulty in determining proper positioning. The purpose of this study is to describe a computed tomographic technique for determination of femoral varus and femoral torsion and to compare this technique, and standard radiography, to anatomic preparation, for the measurement of femoral varus and femoral torsion in normal dogs. |
| 2006/11 Radiographic Sensitivity and Negative Predictive Value for Acute Canine Spinal Trauma The objectives of this study were to establish the sensitivity and negative predictive value of radiography for acute spinal osseous lesions in the canine trauma patient, and to evaluate the interobserver variability in radiographic assessment of the spine in traumatized dogs. |
| 2006/11 Imaging Diagnosis-Bacterial Diskospondylitis in a Goat A 3-year-old intact male Boer goat was evaluated for paraplegia. Computed tomography (CT) indicated the presence of diskospondylitis, which had previously not been reported in this species, and significant compressive myelopathy. Chronic bacterial pneumonia, epididymitis, nephritis, and soft-tissue abscesses were believed to result in hematogenous spread of bacteria to the affected disk spaces. Staphylococcus spp. and Archanobacterium pyogenes were both identified from postmortem cultures of the vertebral column. |
| 2006/11 Image Fusion of Computed Tomographic and Magnetic Resonance Images for the Development of a Three-Dimensional Musculoskeletal Model of the Equine Forelimb Biomechanical models that compute the lengths and forces of muscle2013tendon units are broadly applicable to the study of factors that promote injury and the planning and effects of orthopedic surgical procedures in equine athletes. A three-dimensional (3D) generic musculoskeletal model of the equine forelimb comprised of bony segment, muscle2013tendon, and ligament information, was developed based on high-resolution computed tomographic (CT) and T1-weighted magnetic resonance (MR) images from an isolated forelimb of a Thoroughbred racehorse. |
| 2006/09 Vestibular, Vaginal, and Urethral Relations in Spayed Dogs with and without Lower Urinary Tract Signs The purpose of this study was to evaluate the urogenital anatomy in female spayed dogs with and without signs of lower urinary tract disease by using conventional vaginourethrography, computed tomography (CT) vaginourethrography, and uroendoscopy. |
| 2006/09 Vestibular, Vaginal and Urethral Relationships in Spayed and Intact Normal Dogs The purpose of this study was to evaluate the urogenital anatomy in sound spayed and intact dogs. Anatomical differences in the lower urogenital tract between spayed and intact dogs emphasizes the need to establish normal reference ranges for spayed and intact dogs. |
| 2006/09 Three-Dimensional Multislice Helical Computed Tomography Techniques for Canine Extra-Hepatic Portosystemic Shunt Assessment The purpose of the present study was to investigate the feasibility and usefulness of three-dimensional (3D) multislice computed tomography (CT) angiography with maximum intensity projection (MIP) and volume rendering (VR) in six dogs with clinical and sonographic findings suggestive of portosystemic shunt. |
| 2006/09 Multimodality Image Fusion to Facilitate Anatomic Localization of 99mTc-Pertechnetate Uptake in the Feline Head 99mTc-Pertechnetate is excreted in humans by the thyroid glands, gastric mucosa, salivary glands, choroid plexus, and sweat glands. Uptake attributed to the zygomatic and molar salivary glands is used commonly as a reference to assess thyroid uptake and differentiate euthyroid from hyperthyroid cats. However, the exact location and origin of uptake of 99mTc-pertechnetate in the head during thyroid scintigraphy in cats remains uncertain. The purpose of this study was to localize uptake of 99mTc-pertechnetate in the head of the cat using multimodality image fusion. |
| 2006/09 Computed Tomographic Evidence of Bulla Effusion in Cats with Sinonasal Disease: 2001-2004 BACKGROUND: Sinonasal disease is common in cats; chronic inflammatory disease and neoplasia are diagnosed most frequently. Radiographic and computed tomographic (CT) findings in nasal disease have been reported, although involvement of other cranial structures has not been fully described to our knowledge. HYPOTHESIS: We hypothesized that neoplastic or inflammatory obstruction of the auditory tube associated with sinonasal disease could result in CT evidence of effusive bulla disease in affected cats. ANIMALS: 46 cats with sinonasal disease, 18 control cats. METHODS: CT images acquired in cats with (n = 46) and without (n = 18) sinonasal disease were reviewed for evidence of concurrent bulla effusion. |
| 2006/09 Characterization of Severe Small Airway Disease in a Puppy Using Computed Tomography A young Golden Retriever dog developed severe respiratory distress following an initial clinical diagnosis of infectious tracheobronchitis. Severe expiratory flow limitation, associated with exertional respiratory distress and hypoxemia was present. Thoracic images obtained with conventional radiography were characterized by hyperinflation and abnormal bronchial and alveolar patterns. Computed tomography was performed and in conjunction with pulmonary functional changes was diagnostic of small airway disease. The dog was treated with a variety of antibiotics, anti-inflammatory agents, and antitussives, but the clinical signs worsened and the puppy was euthanized. Pathologic examination confirmed severe small airway disease, with emphysema and bronchiolitis. |
| 2006/09 Anatomic and Computed Tomographic Atlas of the Head of the Newborn Bottlenose Dolphin (Tursiops Truncatus) The head of a newborn dolphin (Tursiops truncatus), that died shortly after birth was imaged using computed tomography (CT). Gross cross-sectional slices of the head were compared with the CT images to identify normal structures of the cranium, brain, and respiratory and digestive pathways. Labelled transverse CT images of the dolphin head are presented sequentially as a reference for normal anatomy. |
| 2006/07 Peripheral Pulmonary Artery Stenosis in a Four-Month-Old West Highland White Terrier A 4-month-old West Highland White Terrier was evaluated for dyspnea. Severe cardiac silhouette enlargement was present radiographically. Severe right ventricular hypertrophy and dilation with a dilated pulmonary trunk and a stenosis of the right pulmonary artery were diagnosed via echocardiography. Additional areas of peripheral pulmonary artery stenosis were diagnosed with nonselective computed tomography (CT) angiography and selective fluoroscopic angiography. Balloon dilation therapy was unsuccessful and the imaging findings were confirmed at necropsy. |
| 2006/07 Intracranial Epidermoid Cyst and Syringohydromyelia in a Dog A 5-year-old female Cocker Spaniel dog had a sudden onset of vestibular disease that localized to the caudal fossa. Upon computed tomography of the brain, a large, hypoattenuating mass with a slight peripheral ring enhancement pattern was detected ventral to the cerebellum. A hypoattenuating region was also identified in the center of the C2 spinal cord segment, consistent with syringohydromyelia. Postmortem examination of the brain revealed a fluid filled, cystic mass located dorsal to medulla oblongata that caused severe compression of the overlying cerebellum. The histopathologic diagnosis was an epidermoid cyst. Extensive syringohydromyelia and obstructive hydrocephalus were identified, both thought to be secondary to overcrowding of the caudal fossa. |
| 2006/07 Fistula Formation Secondary to a Nylon Cable Band in a Dog A dog with a 9-month history of a chronic draining tract involving the left flank had previously undergone five surgeries and two drain placements with no permanent resolution of the draining tract. Fistulography and computed tomography were useful in characterizing the draining tract and identifying a suspected foreign body. Surgery was performed and a nylon cable band foreign body was removed. |
| 2006/07 Computed Tomographic Evaluation of Anatomic and Pathologic Variations in the Feline Nasal Septum and Paranasal Sinuse The purpose of this study was to compare the prevalence of nasal septal deviation and variations of the paranasal sinuses in normal and diseased cats. Prevalence of nasal septal deviation was 86.7%, 68.4%, and 71.4% in cats with rhinitis, neoplasia, and normal cats, respectively, with no statistically significant difference (P = 0.244). |
| 2006/06 Comparison of Results of Computed Tomography and Radiography with Histopathologic Findings in Tracheobronchial Lymph Nodes in Dogs with Primary Lung Tumors: 14 Cases (1999-2002) OBJECTIVE: To compare results of computed tomography (CT) and radiography with histopathologic findings in tracheobronchial lymph nodes (TBLNs) in dogs with primary lung tumors. |
| 2006/05 Vascular Anomaly Causing Subclavian Steal and Cervical Myelopathy in a Dog: Diagnosis and Endovascular Management A 3-year-old dog with cervical myelopathy resulting from a vascular anomaly is described. Marked intradural-extramedullary spinal cord compression was observed, in association with multilevel ectatic anastomotic radicular arterial branches connecting the left and right vertebral arteries. A nonpatent proximal segment of the right subclavian artery had resulted in compensatory enlargement of the left vertebral artery. Flow within the right vertebral artery was retrograde and fed into the patent distal segment of the right subclavian artery. Multiple imaging techniques including myelography, computed tomography, magnetic resonance imaging, and selective digital angiography were used to document this anomaly. To reduce spinal cord compression the largest collateral vessel was embolized without complication. Good clinical response was observed within 6 weeks and improved clinical neurologic function was maintained at the time of a 12-month re-evaluation. |
| 2006/05 Helical Computed Tomographic Angiography of the Normal Canine Pancreas Helical abdominal computed tomography (CT) was performed in nine normal beagle-mix dogs. Dual-phase CT angiography enables assessment of the arterial supply, parenchymal perfusion and venous drainage of the canine pancreas. |
| 2006/05 Congenital Scoliosis in a Quarter Horse Filly A 4-week old Quarter Horse filly was evaluated for abnormal gait and lateral deviation of the cervical spine. Physical examination findings prompted radiographs and computed tomography of the thoracic vertebral column which revealed hypoplasia of several thoracic vertebral bodies and resultant scoliosis of the thoracic vertebral column and deviation of the left and right hemithoraces and associated ribs. Collectively, radiography and computed tomography provided an accurate description of the vertebral malformations resulting in scoliosis in this foal. |
| 2006/05 Computed Tomographic Quantification of Canine Adrenal Gland Volume and Attenuation We conducted a retrospective study in presumed normal dogs to determine the adrenal gland attenuation and volume values. Multidetector computer tomography (MDCT 16) analysis of the gland was carried out in 48 adult dogs without evidence of adrenal gland disease that underwent CT examination for acute spinal injuries. The mean nonenhanced attenuation value±SD of the left adrenal gland was 36.0±5.3HU (range: 22.0201342.0HU). |
| 2006/05 Comparison of Thoracic Radiographs and Single Breath-Hold Helical CT for Detection of Pulmonary Nodules in Dogs with Metastatic Neoplasia Imaging studies in people indicate that x-ray computed tomography (CT) is a more sensitive technique than thoracic radiography for the detection of pulmonary metastasic neoplasia. Systematic studies comparing CT and thoracic radiographic techniques in veterinary patients have not been performed. The present retrospective study was designed to directly compare the efficacy of these 2 techniques in detecting pulmonary nodules in dogs. |
| 2006/05 Canine Chronic Inflammatory Rhinitis Chronic inflammatory rhinitis is commonly found in dogs with chronic nasal disease and is characterized by lymphoplasmacytic infiltrates in the nasal mucosa in the absence of an obvious etiologic process. The pathogenesis of lymphoplasmacytic rhinitis remains unknown. Some dogs may respond partially to doxycycline or azithromycin, although it is unclear whether response is related to antimicrobial or antiinflammatory properties of these drugs. Hydration of the nasal cavity through nasal drops or aerosols may limit nasal discharge, and some animals may improve with inhalant (but rarely oral) glucocorticoids. |
| 2006/05 Association between Clinical Characteristics, Computed Tomography Characteristics, and Histologic Diagnosis for Cats with Sinonasal Disease The purpose of this retrospective study was to determine the association between clinical characteristics, computed tomography (CT) characteristics, and histologic diagnosis in 43 cats with sinonasal disease. |
| 2006/03 Use of Helical Computed Tomography for Measurement of Thyroid Glands in Clinically Normal Cats OBJECTIVE: To determine the dimensions and volume of thyroid tissue in clinically normal cats by use of computed tomography. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Results may be useful for computed tomography evaluation of abnormal thyroid glands in cats, which warrants investigation. |
| 2006/03 Pet/CT Following Intensity-Modulated Radiation Therapy for Primary Lung Tumor in a Dog A primary lung tumor in a dog treated with intensity-modulated radiation therapy was imaged approximately 6 weeks and 1-year posttreatment with combined positron emission tomography (PET) and computed tomography, utilizing the radiotracers 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose and 18F-fluorothymidine. |
| 2006/03 Determination of Glomerular Filtration Rate in Dogs Using Contrast-Enhanced Computed Tomography The purpose of this project was to establish a procedure and reference values for glomerular filtration rate (GFR) using contrast-enhanced computed tomography (CT) in eight healthy dogs. |
| 2006/02 Use of Reconstructed Computed Tomography for the Assessment of Joint Spaces in the Canine Elbow OBJECTIVES: To assess the accuracy of reconstructed computed tomography for imaging canine elbow joint spaces. METHODS: Computed tomography scans of eight cadaveric elbows were obtained and reconstructed computed tomography images were formatted in the dorsal and sagittal planes. |
| 2006/02 Femoral Neuropathy in a Dog with Iliopsoas Muscle Injury OBJECTIVE: To report femoral nerve dysfunction caused by focal iliopsoas muscle injury and treated by performing tenectomy of the muscle insertion. CONCLUSIONS: Femoral nerve dysfunction may occur with iliopsoas muscle injury. CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Iliopsoas muscle injury should be considered in patients with hip pain and MRI is a useful test for diagnosis. Tenectomy may be indicated for relief of chronic iliopsoas muscle pain. |
| 2006/02 Computed Tomographic Diagnosis-Stylohyoid Fracture with Pharyngeal Abscess in a Horse without Temporohyoid Disease |
| 2006/01 Computed Tomography-Anatomy of the Normal Feline Nasolacrimal Drainage System Computed tomography (CT) of the nasolacrimal drainage system with and without contrast medium (barium sulfate) was used to create an anatomic basis for clinical evaluation in domestic cats. |
| 2006/01 Comparative Performance of Radiography and Computed Tomography in the Diagnosis of Middle Ear Disease in 31 Dogs The purpose of this study was to compare computed tomography (CT) and radiography for diagnosing the presence and severity of middle ear disease in dogs with a history of chronic otitis externa. |
| 2005/11 Ultrasonographic Evaluation of Brachial Plexus Tumors in Five Dogs Five dogs with unilateral thoracic limb lameness, neurologic deficits, muscle atrophy, and pain, or a combination of these signs, were examined using ultrasonograghy. Large, hypoechoic tubular masses that displaced vessels and destroyed the normal architecture were found in each dog. The affected axilla of each patient was then imaged with computed tomography or magnetic resonance to fully assess the extent of the masses. We describe the use of ultrasound in screening patients for brachial plexus tumors. |
| 2005/11 Three-Dimensional Helical Computed Tomographic Angiography of the Liver in Five Dogs The objective of this study was to develop a simple, safe, minimally invasive protocol to evaluate the hepatic vasculature. |
| 2005/11 Measurement of Normal Middle Ear Cavity Volume in Mesaticephalic Dogs Water-filling and serial computed tomographic (CT) imaging techniques were used to measure normal middle ear cavity volume (MECV) in 18 dogs (10 live dogs, eight cadavers; 36 ears in total). The specific aims of this study were to (1) compare MECV measurements by water-filling and CT techniques and (2) define a model of MECV vs. body weight (BW) from CT values. |
| 2005/11 Inverted Contrast Medium-Urine Layering in the Canine Urinary Bladder on Computed Tomography Contrast medium-urine layering is routinely identified on transverse computed tomography (CT) images in the urinary bladder following intravesicular or intravenous administration of iodinated contrast medium. The contrast opacified urine typically occupies the dependent portion of the urinary bladder whereas the nonopacified urine layers above it. In this retrospective study, three patients with inverted contrast medium layering following intravenous contrast medium administration are described. A review of this phenomenon in humans is presented and an explanation for similar imaging findings in the dog proposed. |
| 2005/09 Comparison of Radiographic and Computed Tomography Lymphangiography for Identification of the Canine Thoracic Duct Standard radiographic lymphangiograms and computed tomography (CT) lymphangiograms were performed on 10 female dogs without intrathoracic disease.. |
| 2005/09 Anatomical Study of Cranial Nerve Emergence and Skull Foramina in the Dog Using Magnetic Resonance Imaging and Computed Tomography Twenty-two magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) brain studies of different breeds of dogs were reviewed to assess the anatomy of cranial nerve (CN) origins and associated skull foramina. |
| 2005/07 Imaging Diagnosis: Acute Lung Injury Following Massive Bee Envenomation in a Dog A 5-year-old neutered male mixed breed dog presented for increased respiratory effort after being stung by over 100 bees and developing anaphylactic shock. |
| 2005/07 Extra-Abdominal Chondrolipoma in a Dog A 10-year-old male maltise dog was presented for evaluation of a gradual abdominal enlargement, which had developed over 2 years. (On the radiograph of the abdomen, a significant distention of the abdomen with a large accumulation of fat could be seen.) The mass effect was noticeable because of the rightward displacement of the viscera. There was multifocal amorphous mineralization, mostly in the right abdomen. Computed tomography (CT) identified a 13 13 10cm mass, most likely an intra-abdominal lipoma, by which the digestive tract had been displaced in the abdomen. It was only during surgery, however, that the mass was found to be located between the peritoneum and transversus abdominis muscles and the rectus abdominus muscle. |
| 2005/06 Ureteral Duplication in a Dog A male neutered dog of unknown age had recurrent urinary tract infection and caudal abdominal pain. Using sonography, large dilated tubular structure filled with echogenic fluid was seen extending from the left kidney to the level of the bladder neck. In an excretory urogram there was left hydronephrosis with a normal ureter. |
| 2005/06 Diagnosis of Arterioportal Fistulae in Four Dogs Using Computed Tomographic Angiography Arterioportal fistulae are rare congenital anomalies of the hepatic vasculature. Diagnosis is conventionally made by selective angiography or ultrasonography. This report describes use of a dual-phase computed tomographic (CT) angiographic technique to diagnose arterioportal fistulae in four dogs. |
| 2005/06 Computed Tomography as an Aid in the Diagnosis of Chronic Nasal Disease in Dogs OBJECTIVES: To assess the use of computed tomography (CT) in the diagnosis of chronic nasal disease in dogs. CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE: CT greatly enhanced the ability to diagnose chronic nasal disease in dogs, providing detailed Information regarding the extent of the disease, accurate discrimination of neoplastic versus non-neoplastic diseases, and identification of areas of the nose to examine rhinoscopically and suspicious regions to target for biopsy. |
| 2005/05 Use of Computed Tomography and Radiolabeled Leukocytes in a Cat with Pancreatitis The normal feline pancreas has been evaluated using radiolabeled leukocytes (99mTc-HMPAO) and computed tomography. The purpose of this report is to describe a clinical case where both modalities were utilized to assess the inflamed feline pancreas. |
| 2005/05 Sublumbar Abscess and Diskospondylitis in a Cat Diskospondylitis is uncommon in cats. We describe a cat with diskospondylitis of the L72013S1 intervertebral disk, and a concurrent sublumbar abscess. Radiographic, computed tomographic and ultrasonographic findings are presented. Aerobic and anaerobic cultures of blood and spinal fluid yielded no growth. Aerobic and anaerobic urine cultures resulted in growth of an Enterococcus sp. and Clostridium perfringens, respectively. |
| 2005/05 Pre- and Postoperative Radiographic and Computed Tomographic Evaluation of Dogs with Medial Patellar Luxation OBJECTIVE: To quantify, using radiographic and computed tomographic (CT) techniques, the effects of surgical procedures most commonly combined to treat dogs with medial patellar luxation (MPL). STUDY DESIGN: Prospective study. METHODS: Six dogs with 8 MPL were studied. Radiographs and CT of the pelvic limbs were obtained before and immediately after soft-tissue reconstruction, trochlear wedge recession, and tibial crest transposition. |
| 2005/05 Computed Tomography-Guided Fine-Needle Aspirate and Tissue-Core Biopsy of Intrathoracic Lesions in Thirty Dogs and Cats Medical records and computed tomography (CT) images were reviewed retrospectively for 30 animals (27 dogs, two cats, one cougar) in which CT-guided intrathoracic fine-needle aspirates (FNA) (12), core biopsies (10) or both (8) were performed. |
| 2005/05 A Comparison of the Rostrocaudal Open Mouth and Rostro 10° Ventro-Caudodorsal Oblique Radiographic Views for Imaging Fluid in the Feline Tympanic Bulla Fluid within the tympanic bulla is an indication of middle ear disease. Radiography has a relatively low accuracy for the detection of soft tissue opacification in the tympanic bulla, and the most useful radiographic projection, the rostrocaudal open mouth (RCd (open mouth)), is technically difficult to perform in dogs and cats. An alternative projection for the feline tympanic bulla, the rostro 10∞ ventro-caudodorsal oblique (R10∞V-CdDO), was compared to the RCd (open mouth) in 41 feline cadaver heads with the tympanic bullae randomly filled with KY jelly. |
| 2005/03 Use of Radiography in Combination with Computed Tomography for the Assessment of Noncardiac Thoracic Disease in the Dog and Cat Computed tomography (CT) of the thorax was performed in 28 dogs and five cats and findings were compared with previous thoracic radiographs. In conclusion, CT is a valuable tool for evaluating intrathoracic disease. CT provides additional cross-sectional anatomic information that can aid in anatomic localization and evaluation of the extent of the pathology in question. |
| 2005/03 Computed Tomographic Determination of Tibial Torsion in the Dog The goal of this study was to develop a method for computed tomographic (CT) measurement of tibial torsion, and to compare this technique with direct anatomic measurement of tibial torsion in cadaveric canine tibiae. Paired hind limbs of 10 cadaveric dogs were mounted on a custom-designed limb holding apparatus. One-millimeter thick, contiguous, transverse CT slices were obtained from the distal femur to the proximal tibia and 2mm CT slices were obtained from the distal tibia to the proximal tarsus. |
| 2005/03 A Review of Small Animal Imaging Planar and Pinhole Spect Camera Imaging Scintigraphy (positron emission tomography (PET) or single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) techniques) allows qualitative and quantitative measurement of physiologic processes as well as alterations secondary to various disease states. |
| 2005/01 The Effects of Patient Positioning and Slice Selection on Canine Acetabular Angle Assessment with Computed Tomography Acetabular angles (AAs) and dorsal acetabular rim angles acquired by computed tomographic (CT) imaging have been used to assess patient response to juvenile pubic symphysiodesis surgery. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of patient positioning and slice selection on these angles, and an attempt was made to devise a repeatable method of measuring these angles that would eliminate positioning effects. |
| 2005/01 Fat Is Responsible for an Intramural Radiolucent Band in the Feline Stomach Wall An intramural radiolucent band in the stomach wall can be seen on abdominal radiographs of cats without concurrent clinical gastrointestinal signs. |
| 2005/01 Dynamic Computed Tomography of the Normal Feline Hypophysis Cerebri (Glandula Pituitaria) The purpose of this study was to describe normal feline hypophyseal mensuration and contrast enhancement characteristics using dynamic computed tomography (CT) imaging. |
| 2005/01 Computed Tomographic Assessment of Body Fat in Beagles Obesity is the most common nutritional disorder in small animals. To establish a computed tomographic (CT) method for assessment of visceral and subcutaneous fat content in the dog, CT analysis was performed in normal and obese beagles. Fat area was measured by the level detection method at varied attenuation ranges and compared with body fat content estimated by the deuterium oxide dilution method. |
| 2005/01 Comparison of Ultrasonography, Computed Tomography, and Single-Photon Emission Computed Tomography for the Detection and Localization of Canine Insulinoma Accurate preoperative detection, localization, and staging of the primary tumor and metastases are essential for the selection of appropriate candidates for surgery.In this report US, CT, and single-photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) with [111In-DTPA-D-Phe1]-octreotide (a specific form of SRS) were compared for their effectiveness in detecting and localizing primary and metastatic insulinoma in dogs. |
| 2005/01 Communications of Normal Nasal and Paranasal Cavities in Computed Tomography of Horses Heads from 15 male and female horses of various breeds and ages were examined with computed tomography under general anesthesia in dorsal recumbency. The main interest was the evaluation of the entire paranasal sinus system. |
| 2005/01
Helical Computed Tomographic Angiography of Canine Portosystemic Shunts
Helical computed tomographic (CT) angiography was performed in 16 dogs with known or suspected portosystemic shunts. Fifteen portosystemic shunts were detected including five single intrahepatic shunts, five single extrahepatic shunts, and five multiple extrahepatic shunts. One dog had a normal CT examination. |
| 2004/May-Jun Digital Fluoroscopic Excretory Urography, Digital Fluoroscopic Urethrography, Helical Computed Tomography, and Cystoscopy in 24 Dogs with Suspected Ureteral Ectopia The purpose of this study was to determine the diagnostic utility of helical computed tomography (CT) for the diagnosis of ectopic ureters in the dog and to compare these findings with those of digital fluoroscopic excretory urography and digital fluoroscopic urethrography. |
| 2004/12 Radiographic, Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Computed Tomographic, and Rhinoscopic Features of Nasal Aspergillosis in Dogs OBJECTIVE: To determine radiographic, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), computed tomography (CT), and rhinoscopic features of nasal aspergillosis in dogs. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE: The value of CT and MRI for diagnosis of nasal aspergillosis was similar and greater than that of radiography. Rhinoscopy is necessary because it is the only technique that allows direct visualization of fungal colonies. |
| 2004/12 Diagnostic Value of Magnetic Resonance Imaging and Computed Tomography for Oral Masses in Dogs The purpose of this study was to determine the diagnostic value of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and computed tomography (CT) in oral masses of dogs. |
| 2004/11 Traumatic Subarachnoid-Pleural Fistula in a Dog Subarachnoid-pleural fistula is a rare occurrence in humans as a result of trauma or spinal surgery. Such fistulas commonly remain undiagnosed until sufficient cerebrospinal fluid accumulates in the pleural space to cause respiratory distress. We describe a subarachnoid-pleural fistula in a dog that occurred subsequent to blunt trauma sustained during a fall, with concurrent acute, traumatic intervertebral disc rupture. The extruded disc material penetrated the dura mater, allowing communication between the subarachnoid space and the extrapleural thoracic cavity. |
| 2004/11 Myelopathy Secondary to Aortocaval Fistula in a Cat A 15-month-old neutered male cat was presented for progressive paraparesis of 3 months' duration and suspected cardiomegaly. Neuroanatomical localization was a T3-L3 myelopathy. On abdominal ultrasound, an anomalous vessel with turbulent blood flow was identified arising from the caudal vena cava. Myelography showed a bilateral ventrolateral extradural spinal cord compression from T12 to L4. Nonselective angiography and contrast-enhanced computed tomography clearly indicated a vascular complex and vena caval aneurysm with an engorged internal vertebral venous plexus. Surgical occlusion of the anomalous vessels was unsuccessful. |
| 2004/11 Evaluation of Serum Feline Pancreatic Lipase Immunoreactivity and Helical Computed Tomography Versus Conventional Testing for the Diagnosis of Feline Pancreatitis Serum feline trypsinogen-like immunoreactivity (fTLI) concentrations and abdominal ultrasound have facilitated the noninvasive diagnosis of pancreatitis in cats, but low sensitivities (33% and 20-35%, respectively) have been reported. A radioimmunoassay has been validated to measure feline pancreatic lipase immunoreactivity (fPLI), but the assay's sensitivity and specificity have not been established. We prospectively evaluated these diagnostic tests in cats with and without pancreatitis. The high sensitivities of fPLI and abdominal ultrasound suggest that these tests should play an important role in the noninvasive diagnosis of feline pancreatitis. As suggested by a previous study, pancreatic CT is not a useful diagnostic test for feline pancreatitis. |
| 2004/11 Computed Tomographic Evaluation of Canine and Feline Mediastinal Masses in 14 Patients A 15-year retrospective analysis of histologically proven canine and feline mediastinal malignancies at the University of Minnesota was conducted to identify patients imaged by computed tomography (CT). The goal of the study was to characterize the CT appearance, to determine if there were any tumor type-specific appearances, and to clarify the role of CT in patients with mediastinal masses. |
| 2004/09 Use of Photon Fields with Noncoincident Isocenters to Improve Homogeneity of Dose Distribution To compare changes in dose distribution in irregularly shaped volumes treated using fields with noncoincident isocenters compared with fields with coincident isocenters. The hypothesis was that use of fields with noncoincident isocenters would result in improved homogeneity of dose distribution. We chose to test the hypothesis in canine nasal tumors because of the increased dorsoventral thickness of the caudal compared with the rostral nasal cavity. |
| 2004/09 Radiographic, Ultrasonographic, and Computed Tomographic Appearance of Alveolar Echinococcosis in Dogs Alveolar echinococcosis is a rare metacestodal infection of humans and domestic animals with Echinococcus multilocularis and predominantly affects the liver. In humans, diagnosis is based on serology, ultrasonography, computed tomography (CT), and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), techniques that have not yet been validated for the diagnosis of alveolar echinococcosis in dogs. Therefore, the purpose of this retrospective study was to describe the radiographic, ultrasonographic, and CT appearance of canine alveolar echinococcosis. |
| 2004/09 Computed Tomographic Arthrography of the Normal Canine Stifle Computed tomographic (CT) imaging of eight normal cadaveric canine stifles was performed before and after intra-articular administration of iodinated contrast medium. Transverse CT images were reconstructed in dorsal, parasagittal, and oblique planes. The following ligamentous structures were identified on transverse CT images in all stifles: cranial cruciate ligament, caudal cruciate ligament, medial meniscus, lateral meniscus, and the medial and lateral collateral ligaments. |
| 2004/09 Computed Tomographic Features of Suspected Traumatic Injury to the Iliopsoas and Pelvic Limb Musculature of a Dog |
| 2004/07 Generalized Osteosclerosis in a Cat A 12-year-old, neutered male, domestic long-hair cat was evaluated for a 6-month history of inspiratory stertor and epiphora. In computed tomography of the skull and pelvis, and radiographs of the thorax, right femur and stifle there was generalized osteosclerosis, with obliteration of the nasal turbinates and nasolacrimal duct obstruction. The cat also had a large fibrosarcoma involving the right pelvic limb. Osteosclerosis is a rare disorder that is poorly understood but has been described in several species. Various manifestations, potential causes, and radiologic findings of osteosclerosis are discussed. |
| 2004/07 Comparison between Malignant and Nonmalignant Splenic Masses in Dogs Using Contrast-Enhanced Computed Tomography The ability of computed tomography (CT) to distinguish malignant from nonmalignant splenic masses was evaluated in 21 dogs with 24 masses. |
| 2004/06 Idiopathic Lymphoplasmacytic Rhinitis in Dogs: 37 Cases (1997-2002) OBJECTIVE: To determine clinical signs and rhinoscopic, computed tomographic, and histologic abnormalities in dogs with idiopathic lymphoplasmacytic rhinitis. DESIGN: Retrospective case series. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Findings suggest that idiopathic lymphoplasmacytic rhinitis is a key contributor to chronic nasal disease in dogs and may be more common than previously believed. In addition, findings suggest that idiopathic lymphoplasmacytic rhinitis is most often a bilateral disease, even among dogs with unilateral nasal discharge. |
| 2004/05 Magnetic Resonance Imaging of Focal Splenic and Hepatic Lesions in the Dog Focal hepatic and splenic lesions in the dog are common, and approximately half of such lesions are malignant. Both incidentally discovered lesions and lesions in patients with known malignancies represent diagnostic dilemmas. These results suggest that MRI is a useful modality for abdominal imaging in veterinary patients, and MRI accurately differentiated benign from malignant focal hepatic and splenic lesions in this sample of patients. |
| 2004/05 In Vitro Prediction of Canine Urolith Mineral Composition Using Computed Tomographic Mean Beam Attenuation Measurements Determination of urolith mineral composition is critical for management of urolithiasis in dogs and cats. Using computed tomography, urolith physical density, and hence chemical composition, can be quantified using mean beam attenuation measurements (Hounsfield units; HU). This study was designed to establish in vitro reference ranges for three types of compositionally pure uroliths retrieved from dogs. |
| 2004/03 Thick-Section Reformatting of Thinly Collimated Computed Tomography for Reduction of Skull-Base-Related Artifacts in Dogs and Horses Computed tomography (CT) of the caudal fossa of 10 canine and nine equine cadaver heads was performed with conventional slice widths of 5 and 10 mm, respectively, and with thin collimations of 1 and 2 mm, respectively. Reformatting of thinly collimated slices was done by addition of thinly collimated slices to section thicknesses of 5 and 10 mm, respectively.Thick-section reformatting significantly improves image quality of CT scans of the caudal fossa in dogs and horses. |
| 2004/03 Surgical Resection of Retrobulbar Infiltrative Lipomas in Two Dogs Two dogs were presented for referral with nonpainful exophthalmia due to a retrobulbar mass. Incisional biopsies confirmed a histological diagnosis of infiltrative lipoma in both cases. Infiltrative lipomas are rare tumours of soft tissues and are invasive to adjacent tissue. Wide surgical resection is required to prevent local recurrence of the disease. Computed tomography of the head was performed in both cases to evaluate the extent of the masses and to plan surgical resection. Both dogs underwent a partial orbitectomy and were disease free 24 and 21 months later. The cosmetic appearance was good and both dogs maintained vision in the affected eyes. |
| 2004/03 Dual-Phase CT Angiography of the Normal Canine Portal and Hepatic Vasculature A dual-phase computed tomography (CT) angiographic technique was developed to image the hepatic and portal vascular systems using a nonselective peripheral injection of contrast medium. Dual-phase CT angiography is a minimally invasive technique which provides an excellent three-dimensional representation of portal and hepatic vascular anatomy. |
| 2004/03 Diagnostic Imaging of a Renal Adenoma in a Red Oscar (Astronotus Ocellatus Cuvier, 1829) This case report describes the radiographic, ultrasonographic and computed tomographic (CT) examination of an abdominal swelling in a Red Oscar (Astronotus ocellatus Cuvier, 1829). While radiography only demonstrated caudoventral compression of the swimbladder, ultrasonography found a huge tumor-like parenchyma in the caudal abdomen. |
| 2004/03 Computed Tomography-Guided Fine-Needle Aspiration and Tissue-Core Biopsy of Bone Lesions in Small Animals In humans, free-hand computed tomography (CT)-guided biopsy is an accurate method to obtain a tissue sample. There are only a few reports of this technique in veterinary medicine. |
| 2004/03 Computed Tomographic Densitometry of Normal Feline Thyroid Glands We studied the computed tomographic (CT) appearance and determined Hounsfield units (HU) for normal thyroid tissue in eight cats. Helical CT images (2 mm collimation) were acquired from cranial aspect of the second cervical vertebra (C2) through caudal aspect of the fourth cervical vertebra (C4). Data were acquired before contrast medium administration (n = 7), after delayed contrast medium enhancement (n = 8), and immediately after contrast medium enhancement after a second dose of contrast medium (n = 8). |
| 2004/01 Morphometric Analysis of the Cranial Cavity and Caudal Cranial Fossa in the Dog: A Computerized Tomographic Study This investigation was initiated to develop a reliable and simple computerized tomography (CT) method for evaluating the morphometry of the cranial cavity (CC) and caudal cranial fossa in the dog. We obtained linear, area, and volume measurements of the entire CC and the caudal fossa compartment in 24 dogs, using transverse and reformatted sagittal and dorsal CT images. The ratios between the CC and the caudal fossa volumes were calculated, as were the ratios between the CC and caudal fossa midsagittal (MS) areas. |
| 2004/01 Computed Tomography of Masses of the Brachial Plexus and Contributing Nerve Roots in Dogs A retrospective analysis of masses of the brachial plexus and contributing nerve roots in dogs seen at the University of Minnesota over a 17-year period was conducted. The goal of the study was to characterize their computed tomographic (CT) appearance and determine the minimum mass size confidently detectable. |
| 2004/01 Computed Tomography Dacryocystography Evaluation of the Nasolacrimal Apparatus Computed tomography-dacryocystography (CT-DCG) was used to evaluate the nasolacrimal system in four patients (three dogs and one horse) that were admitted for evaluation of chronic epiphora, facial swelling, or facial trauma. |
| 2004/01 Computed Tomographic Anatomy of the Canine Cervical Vertebral Venous System Computed tomographic (CT) venography of the cervical vertebral canal was performed in six, clinically normal, adult mixed-breed dogs from 14 to 23 kg. After dogs were euthanized and saline perfused, a gelatin and iothalamate mixture was injected into the right external jugular vein. Contiguous, 4-mm-thick CT images were obtained with dogs in sternal recumbency. Dogs were kept in the same position as for the CT scan and frozen to approximately -8 degrees C. |
| 2003/11 Use of Computed Tomography Renal Angiography for Screening Feline Renal Transplant Donors Preoperative knowledge of the renal vascular anatomy is important for selection of the appropriate feline renal donor. Intravenous urograms (IVUs) have been performed routinely to screen potential donors at the Veterinary Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania (VHUP), but the vascular phase views lack sufficient detail of the renal vascular anatomy. Computed tomography angiography (CTA), which requires a helical computed tomography (CT) scanner, has been found to provide superior renal vascular anatomic information of prospective human renal donors. The specific aims of this study were as follows: 1) develop the CTA technique for the feline patient; and 2) obtain preliminary information on feline renal vessel anatomy in potential renal donors. |
| 2003/11 Inflammatory Polyp in the Middle Ear with Secondary Suppurative Meningoencephalitis in a Cat A 15-month-old male Maine Coon Cat presented with persistent auricular discharge and progressive head tilt, ataxia, and loss of blink on the right side. Using computed tomography a hyperattenuating, contrast-enhancing material within a thickened right tympanic bulla and contrast enhancement of the adjacent cerebellum were identified. Marked suppurative inflammation was identified on cerebrospinal fluid analysis with no growth on bacterial culture. Ventral bulla osteotomy was performed to remove a soft tissue mass, and an inflammatory polyp with chronic severe suppurative inflammation was confirmed using histology. Staphylococcus auricularis was grown on aerobic culture and Fusobacterium necrophorum and Peptostreptococcus anaerobius were grown on anaerobic culture. The cat was treated for 10 weeks with amoxicillin/clavulinic acid and metronidazole. Dramatic improvement in body weight, appetite, energy level, balance, and resolution of right-sided facial paralysis were noted, but the cat retained a head tilt. |
| 2003/11 Computed Tomography of the Normal Lumbosacral Intervertebral Disc in 22 Dogs Computed tomography of the lumbosacral spine was performed on 22 purpose-bred, medium-sized hound dogs between 1 and 6 years of age. |
| 2003/11 Comparison of Computed Tomography, Tangential View Radiography, and Conventional Radiography in Evaluation of Canine Pelvic Trauma Thirteen dogs with fractures requiring surgical repair were evaluated by standard two-view (i.e., lateral and ventrodorsal) radiography, tangential view (ventro 20 degrees cranial-dorsocaudal [inlet] and ventro 20 degrees caudal-dorsocranial [outlet]) radiography, and computed tomography (CT). Radiographic and CT examinations were reviewed independently by the three authors, and specific anatomic sites were graded for the presence or possibility of lesions. |
| 2003/09 Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Computed Tomography, and Cross-Sectional Views of the Anatomy of Normal Nasal Cavities and Paranasal Sinuses in Mesaticephalic Dogs OBJECTIVE: To use computed tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) to provide a detailed description of the nasal cavities and paranasal sinuses in clinically normal mesaticephalic dogs. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE: CT and MRI provide a means for consistent evaluation of all structures of the nasal cavities and frontal sinuses. Both techniques could be useful for evaluation of diseases that affect the nasal region. |
| 2003/09 Computed Tomographic Appearance of Choanal Atresia in an Alpaca Cria A 6-hour-old alpaca cria was admitted for evaluation of respiratory distress since birth. Contrast radiography confirmed the presence of bilateral choanal atresia, and computed tomography (CT) evaluation was planned to aid in the surgical treatment. Due to deterioration in the cria's condition, euthanasia was performed prior to the CT examination. Postmortem CT examination was performed to determine the appearance of choanal atresia. The embryology and CT appearance of choanal atresia is discussed. |
| 2003/09 Acute Severe Hemorrhage Secondary to Arterial Invasion in a Dog with Thyroid Carcinoma A 7-year-old spayed female Labrador Retriever was referred because of progressive swelling and bruising of the neck, hemothorax, a possible mediastinal mass, and stridor. At the time of admission, the dog was recumbent, mentally dull, tachycardic, and hypothermic. Fluid therapy with hydroxyethyl starch and a balanced electrolyte solution was administered because of presumed hypovolemic shock secondary to hemorrhage; multiple units of packed RBCs and fresh frozen plasma were also administered. |
| 2003/07 Spinal Subarachnoid Cysts in 13 Dogs Thirteen dogs, including 6 Rottweiler dogs, exhibiting clinical signs of spinal cord dysfunction and myelographically confirmed subarachnoid space enlargement were investigated. The over-representation of Rottweilers and the young age of the animals in the study suggest a possible genetic predisposition and an inherited etiology. |
| 2003/07 Helical Computed Tomographic Portography in Ten Normal Dogs and Ten Dogs with a Portosystemic Shunt Contrast enhanced helical computed tomography (CT) of the liver and portal system is routinely performed in human patients. The purpose of this project is to develop a practical protocol for helical CT portography in the dog. |
| 2003/07 Evaluation of the Feline Pancreas Using Computed Tomography and Radiolabeled Leukocytes This study was designed to test the feasibility and utility of computed tomography and radiolabeled granulocytes in evaluating the feline pancreas in six normal cats. |
| 2003/07 Diagnostic Value of Computed Tomography in Dogs with Chronic Nasal Disease Computed tomographic (CT) studies of 80 dogs with chronic nasal disease (nasal neoplasia (n = 19), nasal aspergillosis (n = 46), nonspecific rhinitis (n = 11), and foreign body rhinitis (n = 4)) were reviewed retrospectively by two independent observers. |
| 2003/07 Comparison of Radiography and Computed Tomography for the Diagnosis of Canine Nasal Aspergillosis To compare the radiographic and computed tomographic (CT) findings and to evaluate the sensitivity of radiography and CT for diagnosis of nasal aspergillosis in dogs, the radiographic and CT studies of 48 dogs with chronic nasal disease were reviewed separately. |
| 2003/07 Assessment of a Radiotherapy Patient Immobilization Device Using Single Plane Port Radiographs and a Remote Computed Tomography Scanner Radiation treatment requires a precise procedure for interfraction repositioning of the patient. The purpose of this study was to determine the accuracy of our fixation device in treatment position and to evaluate the setup accuracy with two different methods. The positioning data of 19 canine patients with tumors in the head region (oral, nasal, cerebral) treated with photon or proton irradiation were included in this study. The patients were immobilized by means of an individualized fixation device. |
| 2003/05 Regional Binding Index of the Radiolabeled Selective 5-Ht2a Antagonist 123i-5-I-R91150 in the Normal Canine Brain Imaged with Single Photon Emission Computed Tomography The pattern of the specific 5-HT2A (5-hydroxytryptamine 2A receptor) antagonist 123I-5-I-R91150 was measured in 10 healthy dogs without neurologic and behavior abnormalities. |
| 2003/05 Neuronal Ceroid-Lipofuscinosis and Hydrocephalus in a Chihuahua A two-year-old, female chihuahua presented with a six-month history of visual dysfunction. Computed tomography revealed dilation of the lateral ventricles in the central nervous system (CNS). The dog was tentatively diagnosed as having hydrocephalus and a month later was euthanased at the owner's request. The skull was expanded and dome-like in shape and an open fontanelle was observed on postmortem examination. Histologically, swollen neurons possessing yellowish pigment granules in the cytoplasm were observed throughout the CNS. These storage materials stained positively with periodic acid Schiff, Schmorl method for lipofuscin and oil red O for lipid, and showed autofluorescence under fluorescence microscopy. Ultrastructurally, the storage materials consisted of dense lamellar structures. This case was unique in having ceroid-lipofuscinosis in association with hydrocephalus. |
| 2003/05 Diagnosis of a Porto-Azygous Shunt Using Helical Computed Tomography Angiography Congenital portosystemic shunts occur uncommonly in dogs. Conventional diagnostic methods either do not offer simultaneous diagnosis and anatomic characterization or require an invasive selective catheterization. Helical computed tomography (HCT) is a rapid, noninvasive means of acquiring cross-sectional images of any portion of the body. Combined with a peripheral venous injection of contrast medium, HCT can produce computer-rendered, "angiogram-like" images of vasculature. These computer-generated multiplanar and three-dimensional HCT angiographic images were helpful in the diagnosis and accurate anatomic characterization of a porto-azygous shunt. A brief discussion of scanner and contrast medium protocol considerations necessary to achieve adequate vascular opacification for volumetric data reconstructions and diagnosis are outlined. |
| 2003/05 CT Features of Alveolitis and Sinusitis in Horses Sinusitis is a common disorder in horses and may result from trauma, dental diseases, or space-occupying lesions. Radiography can only provide a limited amount of information. Computed tomography (CT) has been documented as an alternative imaging method. |
| 2003/03 Review of Diagnostic Imaging of Ear Diseases in the Dog and Cat Diagnostic imaging techniques (conventional radiography, computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging) are an essential tool in the diagnostic work-up of ear diseases. Computed tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance (MR) are complementary imaging studies of the middle ear, labyrinth, internal auditory canal and their contents. CT provides excellent images of bony structures and is indicated where osseous changes are of greatest diagnostic importance. MR is superior in imaging soft tissue components including intralabyrinthine fluid. Therefore, more than one of these imaging techniques may be required in order to make a diagnosis. |
| 2003/03 Retrospective Assessment of Computed Tomographic Imaging of Feline Sinonasal Disease in 62 Cats Sixty-two cats with sinonasal disease were evaluated with computed tomography. Findings that may lead to a computed tomographic diagnosis of nasal neoplasia versus rhinitis included osteolysis of the paranasal bones, moderate to severe turbinate destruction, lysis of the nasal septum, the presence of a homogenous space occupying mass, and extension of the disease process into the orbit or facial soft tissues. |
| 2003/03 Evaluation of the Ureter and Ureterovesicular Junction Using Helical Computed Tomographic Excretory Urography in Healthy Dogs Abdominal computed tomography (CT) using a protocol designed for evaluation of the ureters was performed on six normal purpose-bred research dogs. |
| 2003/03 Computed Tomographic Anatomy of the Equine Tarsus The purpose of this study was to provide a detailed computed tomographic (CT) anatomic reference for the equine tarsus. CT examinations of the tarsal regions from four clinically and radiographically normal adult horses, which were euthanized for reasons not related to musculoskeletal disease, were included in the study. Limbs were removed at the level of midtibia, and 3-mm contiguous transverse CT images were obtained, starting at a level proximal to the tuber calcanei and continuing distally into the proximal metatarsus. |
| 2003/01 Radiographic Features of Aortic Bulb/Valve Mineralization in 20 Dogs The radiographic features of aortic bulb/valve mineralization in 20 dogs were reviewed. Extent, shape, number, and location of mineralization were recorded. |
| 2003/01 Otolithiasis in Three Dogs Mineral opacities within the tympanic bullae, termed otoliths, were detected in three dogs by means of radiography and computed tomography. |
| 2003/01 Combined Use of Ultrasonography and Contrast Enhanced Computed Tomography to Evaluate Acute Necrotizing Pancreatitis in Two Dogs The imaging findings in two miniature schnauzers with acute necrotizing pancreatitis are described. |
| 2002/11 Dysplasia Epiphysealis Hemimelica in a Boxer Puppy A Boxer puppy had an unusual dysplastic lesion of the distal epiphysis of the left femur. Biopsy and CT examination were performed. A diagnosis of dysplasia epiphysealis hemimelica (DEH) was made. To the investigators knowledge, this condition has not been described before in animals. |
| 2002/11 Computed Tomographic Appearance of Osteochondritis Dissecans-Like Lesions of the Proximal Articular Surface of the Proximal Phalanx in a Horse A 6-year-old Thoroughbred gelding presented with a left forelimb lameness. The results of lameness examination, radiography, nuclear scintigraphy, and computed tomography are presented. |
| 2002/09 Aortic and Cardiac Mineralization in the Dog Aortic and cardiac mineralization was found in 21 of 3443 (0.61%) canine thoracic radiographs. In none of 786 feline thoracic radiographs reviewed were such lesions present. Mineralizations were superimposed on the ascending aorta (19 dogs) or on the caudal cardiac silhouette (2 dogs). There was no evidence of clinical significance attributed to the mineralization in any dog. Aortic and cardiac mineralization should be recognized as an incidental, non-significant finding in dogs of advanced age and differentiated from pleural and pulmonary structures. |
| 2002/09 Accuracy of Magnetic Resonance Imaging for Estimating Intramedullary Osteosarcoma Extent in Pre-Operative Planning of Canine Limb-Salvage Procedures The objective of this work was to compare the accuracy of radiographs and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) for estimating appendicular osteosarcoma margins. The accuracy of computed tomography (CT) and bone scintigraphy was also assessed when these studies were available. |
| 2002/08 Choroid Plexus Cyst in a Dog A 6-year-old male Doberman Pinscher had a 2-month history of dysequilibrium. Lesion localization was determined to be the cerebellomedullary pontine angle. In computed tomographic images, a well-defined, circular, hypoattenuating mass was visible at the cerebellomedullary pontine angle. |
| 2002/07 Renal Ultrasonographic and Computed Tomographic Appearance, Volume, and Function of Cats with Autosomal Dominant Polycystic Kidney Disease The purpose of this study was to describe the ultrasonographic (US) and computed tomographic (CT) appearance of autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease (ADPKD) in cats; to compare renal volume in cats with ADPKD (n = 5; mean age 59 +/- 10 months)) and normal cats (n = 5; mean age 66 +/- 10 months) using 2 imaging modalities, US and CT; and to calculate cyst volume using CT. |
| 2002/07 Radiographic, Computed Tomographic and Histopathologic Appearance of a Presumed Spinal Chordoma in a Dog A 4-year-old Labrador Retriever presented for urinary incontinence and constipation of 2 weeks duration. There was a tender abdomen, lumbar pain and conscious proprioceptive deficits in both pelvic limbs. Depressed pelvic limb reflexes were present consistent with a lower motor neuron lesion. On computed tomography, an intramedullary, partially mineralized mass was identified in the spinal cord at the level of caudal L5 through cranial L6. At necropsy there was a four-centimeter enlarged, irregular segment of spinal cord at the level of L5-L6. When sectioned, the spinal cord bad a mineralized texture. Histologically there were variable sized cells that were stellate in appearance with vacuolated cytoplasm (physaliferous cells) and mucinous background consistent with a chordoma. Chordoma is a rare, skeletal neoplasm that originates from mesoderm-derived notochord and has been reported in humans and animals. |
| 2002/07 Radiographic and CT Imaging of a Skull Associated Osteoma in a Ferret |
| 2002/05 Use of Computed Tomographic Densitometry to Quantify Contrast Enhancement of Compressive Soft Tissues in the Canine Lumbosacral Vertebral Canal OBJECTIVES: To evaluate computed tomography (CT) densitometry as a technique for quantifying contrast enhancement of compressive soft tissues in the canine lumbosacral vertebral canal and to determine whether the degree of contrast enhancement can be used to help predict tissue type or histopathologic characteristics |
| 2002/05 Meniscal Ossicles in Large Non-Domestic Cats Radiographs of the stifles of 6 species of 34 large, non-domestic cats were reviewed foremost for the presence of meniscal ossicles and then for the presence of the other potential four sesamoids. The lions, tigers, and leopards having meniscal ossicles appeared to have a lateral but often not a medial fabella of the gastrocnemius muscle, an observation previously unreported. Popliteal sesamoids and patellas were present in all the skeletally mature cats. |
| 2002/05 An Intrathoracic Malignant Peripheral Nerve Sheath Tumor in a Dog A 7-year-old, neutered male Labrador Retriever presented for a persistent, productive cough and regurgitation. Radiography, ultrasonography, and computed tomography confirmed a large, smoothly marginated intrathoracic mass causing tracheal compression. The mass was removed via a thoracotomy, and a malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumor, most likely originating from the ventral spinal nerve roots, was confirmed using immunohistochemistry. |
| 2002/05 A New Device for Stereotactic CT-Guided Biopsy of the Canine Brain: Design, Construction, and Needle Placement Accuracy An inexpensive device was created for computed tomographic (CT)-guided stereotactic biopsy of the canine brain. The accuracy of the device was tested using 16, formalin-perfused, canine head specimens. For each dog, a 6-inch biopsy needle was guided into pituitary gland and caudate nucleus targets. |
| 2002/03 Imaging of the Canine and Feline Temporomandibular Joint: A Review The radiographic anatomy of the temporomandibular joint in the dog and cat is described in dorsoventral and oblique projections. |
| 2002/03 Anatomic Reference for Computed Tomography of the Head of the Foal The purpose of this study was to produce an anatomic reference for computed tomography (CT) of the head of the foal for use by radiologists, clinicians, and veterinary students. |
| 2002/01 Computed Tomographic Findings in 35 Dogs with Nasal Aspergillosis The purpose of this study was to describe the computed tomographic (CT) features of nasal aspergillosis in dogs. Initial (n = 35) and follow-up (n = 12) CT images were available from 35 dogs. The most commonly encountered CT findings were (1) moderate to severe cavitary destruction of the turbinates with presence of a variable amount of abnormal soft tissue in the nasal passages, (2) non-specific thickening of the mucosa adjacent to the inner surface of bones of the frontal sinus, maxillary recess and nasal cavity and, (3) thickened reactive bone. |
| 2002/01 Computed Tomographic Findings in 35 Dogs with Nasal Aspergillosis The purpose of this study was to describe the computed tomographic (CT) features of nasal aspergillosis in dogs. Initial (n = 35) and follow-up (n = 12) CT images were available from 35 dogs. The most commonly encountered CT findings were (1) moderate to severe cavitary destruction of the turbinates with presence of a variable amount of abnormal soft tissue in the nasal passages, (2) non-specific thickening of the mucosa adjacent to the inner surface of bones of the frontal sinus, maxillary recess and nasal cavity and, (3) thickened reactive bone. |
| 2002/01 Computed Tomographic Anatomy of the Canine Inner and Middle Ear A series of high-resolution computed x-ray tomography (CT) images of the normal canine middle and inner ear are presented to serve as a reference for optimal interpretation of clinical CT images of animals with diseases affecting this region. |
| 2002/01 CT Findings of Intracranial Blastomycosis in a Dog Computed tomography (CT) findings in a dog with intracranial blastomycosis were marked periventricular contrast enhancement of the lateral ventricles, the 3rd ventricle, and the mesencephalic aqueduct. |
| 2001/11 Regional Brain Perfusion in 10 Normal Dogs Measured Using Technetium-99m Ethyl Cysteinate Dimer Spect Single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) of the brain using perfusion tracers allows estimation of regional brain perfusion. This allows in vivo examination of brain function in the setting of neuropsychologic and pathophysiologic changes. However functional imaging data on brain perfusion in dogs are limited. Hence, the aim of this study was to determine the scintigraphic regional perfusion pattern of the normal canine brain. |
| 2001/11 Granular Cell Tumor of the Canine Central Nervous System: Two Cases Although pure granular cell tumors have been reported in various sites in the dog, only one tumor has been reported in the central nervous system. Two dogs presented with neurologic signs had brain lesions detected by magnetic resonance imaging in the area of the olfactory bulbs and frontal cortex. In both dogs, a clinical diagnosis of a granular cell tumor was made from tissues obtained from stereotactic biopsies guided by computed tomography. Surgical removal of the tumors was followed by histopathologic, ultrastructural, and immunocytochemical characterization. Although not conclusive, these studies indicated that the granular cells were not of leucocyte origin but may have been derived from the meninges. One dog died 12 months after surgery, and the other was alive 4 months later. |
| 2001/09 Hypophysectomy as a Treatment for Canine and Feline Cushing's Diseas. The microsurgical technique of transsphenoidal hypophysectomy performed with the dogs and cats positioned in sternal recumbency enables the treatment of Cushing's disease, independent of skull type, in a safe and effective manner. In dogs, the short-term survival rate after hypophysectomy is comparable to that after treatment with o,p'-DDD, whereas the recurrence rate in this period is lower. |
| 2001/07 Comparison of the Sensitivity of Different Diagnostic Tests for Pancreatitis in Cats The objective of this study was to compare the sensitivity of different diagnostic tests for pancreatitis in cats. Twenty-one cats with confirmed pancreatitis were evaluated at the Small Animal Clinic of the School of Veterinary Medicine in Hannover, Germany, between September 1997 and January 1999. |
| 2001/05 Computed Tomography Diagnosis of Isolated Splenic Torsion in a Dog Isolated splenic torsion in a dog was diagnosed using computed tomography (CT). The enlarged non enhanced spleen and a twisted soft tissue mass effect represented the rotated pedicle were the main findings. Abdominal radiography and ultrasonography were not conclusive. |
| 2001/05 Computed Tomographic Imaging of Infiltrative Lipoma in 22 Dogs Twenty two dogs with an infiltrative lipoma had computed tomographic (CT) images acquired to evaluate the extent of local disease. Ten dogs had undergone at least one cytoreductive surgical procedure (range = 1-3; median = 2) prior to imaging. Twenty dogs had measurable disease on CT images; 2 dogs had diffuse disease at a previous surgical site that could not be measured. |
| 2001/05 Computed Tomographic Anatomy of the Canine Pancreas Barium sulfate was administered into the coeliac artery of 5 canine cadavers to allow for contrast computed tomography of the pancreas. |
| 2001/04 Computed Tomography and Magnetic Resonance Imaging of the Equine Head Horses are frequently presented with clinical conditions warranting diagnostic imaging of the head. Unfortunately, evaluation of the equine head can be difficult using conventional radiography. The anatomic complexity and superimposition of the osseous, dental, and soft tissue structures complicate radiographic interpretation and diagnoses. Multiple radiographic projections may be necessary to image specific regions, and side-to-side comparison is often essential. |
| 2001/03 Thoracic Computed Tomography in Patients with Suspected Malignant Pleural Effusions AIM: To assess the role of contrast-enhanced computed tomography (CT) prospectively in patients with suspected malignant pleural effusions. CONCLUSION: Contrast-enhanced CT is of value in patients with suspected malignant pleural effusions. The previously established criteria for malignant pleural thickening of nodularity, irregularity and pleural thickness >1 cm are reliable in the presence of a pleural effusion. |
| 2001/03 Retrobulbar Tumors in Dogs and Cats: 25 Cases Twenty-five cases of retrobulbar tumors are presented and discussed. |
| 2001/03 Radiographic and Computed Tomographic Changes and Clinical Presentation of Spirocercosis in the Dog A retrospective study of 39 dogs with spirocercosis is described, emphasizing radiographic and computed tomographic aspects and clinical presentation. |
| 2000/11 The Computed Tomographic Enhancement Pattern of the Normal Canine Pituitary Gland Dynamic computed tomography (CT) of the pituitary gland was performed on four healthy male dogs of similar size, weight and age. |
| 2000/11 Results of Irradiation of Infiltrative Lipoma in 13 Dogs Thirteen dogs with infiltrative lipomas were treated with cobalt 60 radiation. |
| 2000/11 Diagnostic Imaging in Canine Pheochromocytoma The diagnosis of pheochromocytoma is challenging due to the variable presentations of patients affected with this neoplasm. This report describes four dogs with pheochromocytoma in which radiography, ultrasonography and computed tomography (CT) were key diagnostic tools. |
| 2000/11 Computed Tomographic Imaging of the Equine Head The head from three horses euthanized due to diseases unrelated to the head and neck was imaged using computed tomography (CT). Gross cross-sectional slices of equine head #1 and skeleton of equine head #2 were compared with the CT images of the three equine heads to identify normal structures of the cranium, brain, paranasal sinuses, nasal cavity, and teeth. Labeled transverse CT images of the equine head are presented sequentially as a reference for normal anatomy. |
| 2000/09 The Computed Tomographic Appearance of Acute Thoracolumbar Intervertebral Disc Herniations in Dogs The appearance of herniated intervertebral disc material in the thoracolumbar vertebral canal was evaluated in 23 dogs using computed tomography (CT). The images were then compared with the myelographic and surgical findings. |
| 2000/09 Post-Operative Computed Tomography in Two Dogs with Cerebral Meningioma Post-operative computed tomography (CT) has been described as a technique for diagnosing incomplete resection or recurrence of cerebral neoplasms in humans. The characteristics of immediate postoperative CT images in dogs with intracranial pathology are unknown. This report describes findings from preoperative, immediate post-operative, and 4 week to 9 month follow-up CT examinations in two dogs with histologically-confirmed cerebral meningiomas. |
| 2000/09 Dynamic CT Measurement of Contrast Medium Washin Kinetics in Canine Nasal Tumors Tumor oxygenation affects the biologic behavior of a tumor and also its radiation response. Decreased tumor oxygenation has been associated with an aggressive phenotype and with decreased local tumor control following irradiation. Thus, measurement of oxygenation may be useful for pretreatment evaluation of a tumor. Many methods for assessing tumor oxygenation are available but most are invasive. There is a need for a non-invasive measure of oxygenation, or a surrogate for oxygenation. Measurement of perfusion has been suggested as a substitute for measurement of oxygenation. The use of washin kinetics of iodinated contrast medium to estimate perfusion has been shown to be related to radiation response of human carcinomas. We quantified the washin kinetics of iodinated contrast medium using dynamic CT in 9 dogs. |
| 2000/09 Bronchocutaneous Fistula in a Dog A dog with a bronchocutaneous fistula is described. Contrast enhanced computed tomography was useful for diagnosis and treatment of the fistula in this dog. |
| 2000/07 Primary Irradiation of Canine Intracranial Masses Twenty-nine dogs received primary radiation therapy for intracranial lesions and clinical signs suggestive of neoplasia. Presumptive diagnosis and tumor categorization was based on computed tomographic or magnetic resonance images. Meningioma was the most likely tumor type in 22 dogs and glioma or choroid plexus tumors were tentatively identified in 4 and 3 dogs, respectively. Cobalt-60 radiation was delivered in 3 Gy fractions on a daily, Monday-through-Friday basis for a total dose of 48 Gy (16 fractions) in 28 dogs; one dog received 54 Gy. |
| 2000/05 Computed Tomographic Characteristics of Multilobular Tumor of Bone Involving the Cranium in 7 Dogs and Zygomatic Arch in 2 Dogs Computed tomography (CT) images of nine dogs with a multilobular tumor of bone of the head were reviewed. |
| 2000/04 Homonymous Hemianopia in a Pug with Necrotising Meningoencephalitis A 24-month-old female pug, which had previously been treated for visual hemifield loss, was referred with generalised seizures and other neurological disorders. A diagnosis of necrotising meningoencephalitis was suggested from the clinical signs together with the results of computed tomography and cerebrospinal fluid examination. This was confirmed seven months later by histological examination of the brain following euthanasia. Typical histopathological lesions of the disease were found in various areas of both cerebral hemispheres, including the visual striated cortex of the right cerebrum. |
| 2000/03 Use of Radiography, Computed Tomography and Magnetic Resonance Imaging for Evaluation of Navicular Syndrome in the Horse Radiographic evaluation of navicular syndrome is problematic because of its inconsistent correlation with clinical signs. Scintigraphy often yields false positive and false negative results and diagnostic ultrasound is of limited value. Therefore, we assessed the use of computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging in a horse with clinical and radiographic signs of navicular syndrome. |
| 2000/03 Magnetic Resonance, Computed Tomographic and Radiologic Findings in a Dog with Discospondylitis Magnetic resonance (MR), computed tomographic and radiographic imaging were conducted in a dog with discospondylitis. The MR findings were increased T2 and decreased T1 signal intensity of the soft tissues ventral to vertebral bodies, the end plates of the same vertebral bodies and the intervertebral disc, and are similar to those described in human with discospondylitis. |
| 2000/03 Incomplete Ossification of the Humeral Condyle in Vietnamese Pot-Bellied Pigs The purpose of this study was to evaluate the occurrence of humeral condylar fractures in Vietnamese pot-bellied pigs and to postulate a possible predisposing cause for these fractures. It is postulated that Vietnamese pot-bellied pigs are prone to humeral condylar fractures, even in the absence of known trauma, due to incomplete ossification of the humeral condyle. |
| 2000/03 Computed Tomographic Findings of Dogs with Cubital Joint Lameness The purpose of this study was to identify the incidence of abnormal computed tomography (CT) findings in dogs with lameness of one or both elbows. |
| 2000/01 Subclinical CT Abnormalities in the Lumbosacral Spine of Older Large-Breed Dogs Computed tomography (CT) of the L5-S3 vertebral levels was performed in six, large-breed dogs presented for problems unrelated to the lumbosacral spine. Findings indicate that some lumbosacral CT abnormalities may be clinically insignificant, especially in older dogs. |
| 2000/01 Magnetic Resonance Imaging of Otitis Media in a Dog Otitis media/interna was diagnosed in a 20-month-old German shepherd with the assistance of magnetic resonance (MR) imaging. The MR images were acquired primarily to exclude a brain lesion responsible for vestibular signs. No brain lesion was detected, but obvious signs of chronic changes in the left bulla and external ear canal were confirmed. Thickening of the epithelium and soft tissue surrounding the external ear canal and a laminated appearance of high and low T2 intensities in the tympanic bulla's mucosa were present. The hypointense lines were suspected to be fibrous tissue, indicating chronic changes. This report suggests that MR imaging may serve as a useful imaging tool for otitis media and that it supplies information not obtained with radiography or computed tomography. |
| 1999/11 The Visible Animal Project: A Three-Dimensional, Digital Database for High Quality Three-Dimensional Reconstructions The "Visible Animal Project" (VAP) is comprised of axial anatomic cryosections and corresponding CT and MR images of a mature dog. The digital database is used for the creation of three-dimensional computer graphics of canine anatomy. The technique of cryodissection is described in detail. The combining of the corresponding CT and MR images, and cryosections as well as the data processing for the creation of three-dimensional reconstructions is presented and examples are shown. |
| 1999/11 Computed Tomography of Necrotizing Meningoencephalitis in 3 Yorkshire Terriers A necrotizing meningoencephalitis of Yorkshire terriers has recently been reported in 6 dogs in Switzerland, 1 dog in Japan and 1 dog in the United States. The purpose of this report is to describe the computed tomographic (CT) findings in 3 dogs with this disease, and to correlate the CT abnormalities with the clinical and pathologic findings in each case. |
| 1999/09 Modification and Application of a Pelorus Mark Iii Stereotactic System for CT-Guided Brain Biopsy in 50 Dogs The Pelorus Mark III Stereotactic System is a commercially available device for CT-guided stereotactic brain biopsy in people. With relatively minor modifications, this device was used to safely and accurately perform CT-guided stereotactic brain biopsies in 50 dogs with intracranial lesions. Modifications were necessary to accommodate a 90 degree shift in orientation of the canine head compared to the human head during the imaging phase of the procedure, and to facilitate other phases of the biopsy procedure that are affected by the uneven and variable topography of the canine skull. |
| 1999/09 Correlative Imaging Findings in Seven Dogs and One Cat with Spinal Arachnoid Cysts Information regarding 7 dogs and 1 cat with a spinal arachnoid cyst is presented. |
| 1999/09 Computed Tomographic Findings in Ovine CoenurosisComputed tomographic imaging was conducted in twenty ewes with cerebral coenurosis. CT imaging allowed precise evaluation of the size and location of the cyst, which appeared as a hypoattenuating structure with a mass effect. No meaningful correlation between clinical signs and the location of parasitic cyst was detected. |
| 1999/09 CT-Guided Brain Biopsy Using a Modified Pelorus Mark Iii Stereotactic System: Experience with 50 Dogs This report describes the results of CT-guided stereotactic brain biopsies performed on 50 consecutive dogs using a modified Pelorus Mark III Stereotactic System. Based on available histopathologic samples (stereotactic biopsy [n = 50], surgery [n = 17], necropsy [n = 9]) the patient population consisted of 34 dogs with primary brain tumors, 2 with invasive nasal adenocarcinomas, and 13 with non-neoplastic brain lesions. Brain tissue was not obtained from one dog. |
| 1999/08 The Elbow Computed tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) are noninvasive methods of imaging the canine cubital joint. CT images are typically acquired using contiguous 1-mm slices, a bone reconstruction algorithm, and a field of view large enough to scan both elbows simultaneously. CT provides a detailed assessment of the medial coronoid process (MCP), radial incisure, anconeal process, and trochlear notch of the ulna; the humeral condyle; joint congruity; and osteoarthrosis. With MRI, use of a surface coil and 3D Fourier transformation gradient echo fast imaging sequences allow contiguous thin slices to be obtained. Both imaging techniques appear to be highly effective in the evaluation of elbow dysplasia, particularly for the detection of MCP fragmentation, although MRI is superior to CT for identifying nonmineralized cartilaginous fragments. |
| 1999/07 Detection of a Radiographically Occult Fracture of the Lateral Palmar Process of the Distal Phalanx in a Horse Using Computed Tomography A horse with a suspected injury of the distal phalanx was examined using radiography at day two and 19 after the onset of the lameness, with no definite diagnosis. Using computed tomography an incomplete fracture of the lateral wing of the distal phalanx was diagnosed at day 25. This report emphasizes the value of computed tomography in diagnosing a geometric complicated nonarticular oblique fracture of the palmar process of the pedal bone in a horse. |
| 1999/07 A Congenital Malformation of the Maxilla of a Horse A 1-month-old male American Paint Horse was evaluated for a hard swelling on the right side of the maxillary region. On radiographs there was a large, expansile outpouching of the right maxillary bone between the second and third premolar teeth. Computed tomography further characterized the expansile lesion to have a soft tissue component and to originate in the region of a caudal maxillary tooth. Surgical reconstruction of the defect was unsuccessful and the animal was euthanetized. Based on failure to find histopathologic evidence of a neoplasm or cyst, the diagnosis was a congenital malformation. |
| 1999/05 Computed Tomographic Evaluation of Finnhorse Cadaver Forefeet with Radiographically Problematic Findings on the Flexor Aspect of the Navicular Bone Computed tomography (CT) was performed on 12 Finnhorse cadaver forefeet with known radiographic changes in the navicular bone (poor corticomedullary junction, irregular appearance of the flexor central eminence, uneven or unequal thickness of the flexor cortex, and/or irregular outline of the proximal or distal flexor margin). The purpose was to confirm the radiographic findings and to investigate if further information of the flexor aspect of the bone could be gained with CT. |
| 1999/03 Evaluation of Canine Lumbosacral Stenosis Using Intravenous Contrast-Enhanced Computed Tomography The objective of this study was to evaluate intravenous contrast-enhanced computed tomography as a technique for predicting the within-level location(s) of compressive soft tissues in the canine lumbosacral spine. |
| 1998/11 Normal Cross-Sectional Anatomy of the Feline Thorax and Abdomen: Comparison of Computed Tomography and Cadaver Anatomy Computed tomographic images of two adult domestic short-haired cats were obtained with a whole body scanner. Images of the thorax and abdomen were compared with cross-sectional anatomy cadaver specimens from the same two cats. Anatomic structures were first identified on the cadaver specimens with the aid of numerous anatomy texts and references and were then identified and labeled on the computed tomographic images. Results from this project provide an atlas of normal cross-sectional gross and CT anatomy of the feline thorax and abdomen that can be used in the interpretation of any cross-sectional imaging modality. |
| 1998/11 Effect of Contrast Medium Dose and Image Acquisition Timing on Ureteral Opacification in the Normal Dog as Assessed by Computed Tomography Computed tomography (CT) excretory urography was performed in five adult female dogs after intravenous injection of a bolus of four different doses of water-soluble iodinated contrast medium (100, 200, 400, and 800 mgI/kg). |
| 1998/11 Computed Tomography of Cholesterinic Granulomas in the Choroid Plexus of Horses Cholesterinic granulomas are tumor-like masses in the choroid plexuses of horses. This report describes the computed tomographic findings in four horses with cholesterinic granulomas, including the clinical and the pathologic features. All four horses had bilateral cholesterinic granulomas in the lateral ventricles. Computed tomographic images clearly delineated the masses, the opacity of the granulomas, and the enhancement pattern after intravenous bolus injection of contrast medium; these factors varied considerably. Additional CT findings were symmetric or asymmetric widening of the lateral ventricles. |
| 1998/11 Computed Tomographic Diagnosis: Use of Computed Tomography to Distinguish a Pulmonary Mass from Alveolar Disease |
| 1998/09 Imaging Basilar Skull Fractures in the Horse: A Review Due to the complex nature of the anatomy of the equine head, superimposition of numerous structures, and poor soft tissue differentiation, radiography may be of limited value in the diagnosis of basilar skull fractures. When available and when the patient will accommodate the equipment, computed tomography may give a definitive diagnosis owing to its superior resolution and differentiation of soft tissue structures. |
| 1998/09 An Accelerated Technique for Irradiation of Malignant Canine Nasal and Paranasal Sinus Tumors Tumor and normal tissue response was assessed in 21 dogs with malignant nasal tumors given 42 Gy cobalt radiation in 9 or 10 fractions over 11 to 13 days. Local tumor/clinical relapse recurred in 68% of dogs, with a median relapse free interval (RFI) of 270 days. Median survival was 428 days. |
| 1998/07 Use of Computed Tomography in the Diagnosis of a Cerebral Abscess in a Goat A 7-month-old La Mancha doe was presented with a right head tilt and ventral strabismus while circling to the left. History and physical examination led to a tentative diagnosis of a cerebral abscess. Computed tomography revealed a large, complex mass with ring enhancement in the left cerebral hemisphere, supporting the diagnosis. |
| 1998/07 Imaging a Spinal Fracture in a Kohaku Koi (Cyprinus Carpio): Techniques and Case History Report An ornamental pet fish was diagnosed with a spinal fracture and subluxation involving truncal vertebrae 5 and 6 (T5-T6) using conventional radiography, nuclear scintigraphy, and computed tomography. Attempts to evaluate the dynamic nature of the lesion using conventional fluoroscopy in the unanesthetized, moving patient were unsuccessful. Adaptation of imaging techniques to accommodate a fish patient was not difficult and diagnostic images were obtained. The use of multiple imaging techniques was useful in the diagnosis and determination of the treatment plan of the spinal fracture in this patient. |
| 1998/07 A Review of Imaging Techniques for Canine Cauda Equina Syndrome There are many imaging modalities available for evaluating the canine lumbosacral region. These include conventional radiography, stress radiography, myelography, epidurography, transosseous and intravenous venography, discography, linear tomography, computed tomography, and magnetic resonance imaging. Computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging have become valuable in evaluating the lumbosacral region in dogs. These modalities have proven to be both sensitive and specific for determining cauda equina compression in both humans and in dogs. |
| 1998/03 Use of Computed Tomography to Evaluate the Intestinal Tract of Adult Llamas In the llama, signs of colic are obscure and may be exhibited as persistent sternal recumbency and anorexia even in the presence of a surgical lesion. Diagnostic methods for evaluation of abdominal disorders are limited. As a result, surgical intervention may be prolonged and increase the risk of mortality and postoperative complications. The objective of this study was to determine the feasibility of computed tomography to evaluate the llama intestinal tract. |
| 1998/03 Quantitative Methods for Indirect CT Lymphography In this investigation, we applied quantitative CT methods to characterize contrast enhanced lymph nodes opacified using iodinated contrast media for indirect CT lymphography. Iodinated nanoparticles were injected into the buccal submucosa and SQ into the metatarsus and metacarpus of four normal swine (1.0-4.0 ml/site, 76 mg I/ml). Attenuation (HU), volume (cm3), iodine concentration (mg I/cm3), total iodine uptake (mg I), contrast-to-noise ratio (CNR), and percent injected dose (%ID) were estimated in opacified inguinal, cervical and parotid/mandibular lymph nodes using manual image segmentation techniques on 24 hour post-contrast CT images. |
| 1998/03 MRI Case Presented as Part of the 1997 A.C.V.R. Oral Certification Examination: Computed Tomography/Magnetic Resonance Imaging Elective |
| 1998/03 Computed Tomographic Evaluation of Dinosaur Egg Shell Integrity The purpose of this study was to determine whether computed tomography (CT) could be used to identify hatching holes in partially embedded dinosaur eggs. One Faveololithus and two Dendroolithus eggs were examined using a fourth generation CT scanner. The eggs were partially embedded in a fossilized sediment matrix, with the exposed portion of the shell appearing intact. |
| 1998/01 Clinical Features of Trigeminal Nerve-Sheath Tumor in 10 Dogs Nerve-sheath tumor was diagnosed in 10 dogs with clinical signs of unilateral trigeminal nerve dysfunction. Unilateral temporalis and masseter muscle atrophy were present in all cases. An enlarged foramen and distorted rostral petrous temporal bone were seen with computed tomography imaging in one case. Magnetic resonance imaging was used to identify the lesion accurately in seven cases. Surgery was performed for biopsy and lesion removal in three cases. Cases not treated had a progressive course eventually resulting in euthanasia or death. Of the cases treated surgically, one case is alive without disease progression 27 months after surgery. Survival times of the nontreated cases ranged from five to 21 months. |
| 1997/11 Computed Tomographic Evaluation of Comminuted Middle Phalangeal Fractures in the Horse Comminuted fractures of the middle phalanx have been well described in the horse. Choice of treatment, surgical planning and prognosis have traditionally been based upon evaluation of radiographs. However, the complex nature of comminuted fractures makes radiographic interpretation difficult. Computed tomography (CT) allows the production of cross-sectional images with spatial separation of structures which are superimposed on survey radiographs. |
| 1997/09 Evaluation of the Variably Ossified Collateral Cartilages of the Distal Phalanx and Adjacent Anatomic Structures in the Finnhorse with Computed Tomography and Magnetic Resonance Imaging Six Finnhorse cadaver forefeet were selected to represent radiographically different types and grades of ossification of the collateral cartilages of the distal phalanx. These cartilages and adjacent tissues were evaluated with computed tomography (CT) and high field magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). |
| 1997/09 Computed Tomography of Hereditary Multifocal Renal Cystadenocarcinomas in German Shepherd Dogs The purpose of the study was to characterize the renal lesions of hereditary renal cystadenocarcinomas in the German shepherd dog using computed tomography (CT). |
| 1997/09 Computed Tomography and Magnetic Resonance Imaging of Cavernous Sinus Enlargement in a Dog with Unilateral Exophthalmos Computed tomography (CT), magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and magnetic resonance angiography (MRA) were performed on a dog with a two year history of unilateral exophthalmos occurring two years following head trauma. On CT images, an expansile enhancing mass was present along the right intracranial cavernous sinus and extended through the orbital fissure into the retrobulbar space. With MRI, the structure appeared as a signal void due to the presence of rapidly flowing blood. Gadolinium enhancement of the adjacent brain was not present. A vascular origin of the lesion was confirmed with MRA. Based on the CT and MRI findings, the enlarged cavernous sinus and associated ophthalmic plexus were believed to represent an arterialized aneurysm, most likely the result of traumatic arteriovenous fistulization. Treatment consisted of surgical enucleation. At the time of this report, 29 months later, the dog remains free of clinical signs. |
| 1997/07 Radiology Corner. Sagittal Computed Tomography of the Feline Spine |
| 1997/07 Computed Tomography of the Normal Feline Nasal Cavity and Paranasal Sinuses Computed tomography (CT) images of the feline nasal cavity and paranasal sinuses were acquired from normal adult cats. Good resolution and anatomic detail were obtained from the CT images using soft tissue formatting. A description of normal feline nasal cavity and paranasal sinus anatomy using CT is presented. |
| 1997/05 Ultrasound/Computed Tomography Diagnosis--Fungal Sinusitis and Retrobulbar Myofascitis in a Cat |
| 1997/05 Radiographic, Computed Tomographic and Magnetic Resonance Imaging Evaluation of a Chronic Long Digital Extensor Tendon Avulsion in a Dog Long digital extensor tendon avulsion is reported in a 5 month old Great Dane. Clinically the dog presented with a unilateral weight-bearing pelvic limb lameness. Joint effusion was present and there was pain and crepitance associated with flexion of the stifle. Orthopedic evaluation and radiographs were suggestive of a long digital extensor tendon injury which was confirmed by computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging. The injury was surgically repaired with screw and spiked washer fixation. |
| 1997/05 Magnetic Resonance Imaging and Computed Tomography Characteristics of Intracranial Intra-Arachnoid Cysts in 6 Dogs Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and computed tomographic imaging (CT) characteristics of intracranial intra-arachnoid cysts in six dogs are described. Of the six dogs, three were less than one year of age and 4 were males. Five of the six dogs weighed less than 11 kg. Five cysts were located in the quadrigeminal cistern. On CT images, the intracranial intra-arachnoid cysts had sharply defined margins, contained fluid isodense to CSF and did not enhance following i.v. administration of contrast. On MRI images, the intracranial intra-arachnoid cysts were extra-axial, contained fluid isointense with CSF and did not enhance following i.v. contrast. While spinal arachnoid cysts of dogs have been reported in the literature, other than the six dogs contained in this report, intracranial intra-arachnoid cysts have not to our knowledge been described in animals. These six dogs have a similar age, sex, history, clinical signs, CT and MRI findings to those reported in people with intracranial intra-arachnoid cysts. |
| 1997/01 Hydromyelia in the Dog Hydromyelia is a dilation of the spinal cord central canal. In man this may be due to congenital malformations such as Dandy-Walker syndrome and Chiari malformations or may be acquired as result of infection, trauma or neoplasia. In dogs hydromyelia may be accidentally diagnosed during routine cisterna magna myelography. Hydromyelia, and its possible etiology, may be confirmed by means of computed tomography or magnetic resonance imaging. Three dogs with hydromyelia due to differing etiologies are described. |
| 1997/01 Diagnosis of C5-C6 Spinal Luxation Using Three-Dimensional Computed Tomographic Reconstruction. |
| 1996/11 Computed Tomography of the Normal Canine Lumbosacral Spine: A Morphologic Perspective The lumbosacral spine of six normal dogs weighing 4.5 to 24.5kg was imaged by computed tomography in 5.0 mm & 10.0 mm transverse planes. |
| 1996/09 Computed Tomographic Appearance of a Normal Variant of the Canine Tentorium Cerebelli Osseum A nine-year-old German Shepherd dog presented to the Veterinary Teaching Hospital at North Carolina State University with an eleven-day history of progressive depression, lethargy, inability to walk, blindness and intermittent vomiting. Computed tomography (CT) of the brain was unremarkable; however, bilateral regions of low photon absorption were noted within the tentorium cerebelli osseum. Use of various combinations of CT windows and numbers can be valuable for characterizing such variants. |
| 1996/07 Radiographic and Computed Tomographic Evaluation of the Canine Intercondylar Fossa in Normal Stifles and after Notchplasty in Stable and Unstable Stifles The role of the intercondylar fossa in cranial cruciate ligament injury has gained notable attention in humans and it's role is now being questioned in animals. Controversy exists regarding the accuracy of radiographs and computed tomography (CT) in evaluating the intercondylar fossa. This study compared radiographic and CT evaluation with gross evaluation of the intercondylar fossa. |
| 1996/07 Cerebrovascular Disease Cerebrovascular disease may be secondary to various disorders including hypothyroidism, sepsis, neoplasia, hypertension, vascular malformation, and coagulopathy. Brain infarction or hemorrhage should be suspected in an animal with a sudden onset of a focal brain lesion. The recent availability of CT and MRI has improved our ability to diagnose cerebrovascular disease in animals. |
| 1996/04 Comparison between Computed Tomographic and Surgical Findings in Nine Large-Breed Dogs with Lumbosacral Stenosis In a three-year prospective study, computed tomographic (CT) and surgical findings were compared for nine large breed dogs with lumbosacral stenosis. Surgically-excised tissue was examined histologically in seven dogs and additional necropsy evaluation was performed in one dog. The CT abnormalities observed at sites of confirmed cauda equina compression were: loss of epidural fat, increased soft tissue opacity, bulging of the intervertebral disc margin, spondylosis, thecal sac displacement, narrowed intervertebral foramen, narrowed vertebral canal, thickened articular process, articular process subluxation, articular process osteophyte, and telescoped sacral lamina. |
| 1996/03 Use of Computed Tomography to Diagnose Sinusitis in a Goat Radiographic examination proved incapable of determining the extent and severity of chronic sinusitis in a goat. Computed tomography was subsequently used to clearly define the nature and extent of the lesion. |
| 1996/03 Computed Tomographic Appearance of Inflammatory Polyps in Three Cats This report describes the use of computed tomography (CT) to evaluate the inner ear, tympanic bullae, nasopharyngeal area, and external ear canals of three cats. |
| 1996/03 Apparent Wall Thickening in Fluid Filled Versus Air Filled Tympanic Bulla in Computed Tomography A series of CT imaging experiments was performed to test the hypothesis that when the tympanic bulla is filled with fluid there would be a false impression of bulla wall thickening. |
| 1996/01 Comparison of Radiography, Myelography and Computed Tomography for the Evaluation of Canine Vertebral and Spinal Cord Tumors in Sixteen Dogs Radiographic, myelographic and computed tomographic (CT) studies from sixteen dogs with histologically diagnosed vertebral or spinal cord neoplasia (seventeen lesions) were retrospectively evaluated. |
| 1995/11 A Comparison of Radiography, Computed Tomography, and Magnetic Resonance Imaging for the Diagnosis of Palmar Process Fractures in Foals The relative sensitivity of radiography, computed tomography, and magnetic resonance imaging for detecting palmar process fractures of the distal phalanx in foals was determined and the imaging findings were compared with histomorphologic evaluations of the palmar processes. |
| 1995/09 Radiographic and Computed Tomographic Evaluation of Otitis Media in the Dog The purpose of this study was to compare computed tomography (CT) and radiography in the identification of canine middle ear disease. |
| 1995/07 Computed Tomography of the Llama Head: Technique and Normal Anatomy Computed tomography was performed on the head of 6 normal adult llamas. |
| 1995/03 Use of Computed Tomography and Computed Tomographic Myelography for Assessment of Spinal Tumoral Calcinosis in a Dog Spinal tumoral calcinosis is reported in a Berner sennenhund puppy. The condition was manifested clinically as a non-ambulatory tetraparesis associated with neck pain. On survey radiographs there was a focal calcified mass at the atlantoaxial articulation. Computed tomography and computed tomographic myelography gave additional information on the extent of the mass and on the degree of spinal cord compression. The mass was removed surgically and the dog made a complete recovery. |
| 1995/03 Computed Tomography in the Evaluation of Caudal Cervical Spondylomyelopathy of the Doberman Pinscher Caudal cervical spondylomyelopathy is a common neurologic disorder of Doberman pinschers which has a number of striking similarities to cervical spondylotic myelopathy in humans. Diagnosis of this human disease is facilitated considerably by the use of computed tomographic (CT) myelography. |
| 1995/03 Computed Tomographic Anatomy of the Canine Lumbosacral Spine The lumbosacral spine (L5-S3) was examined by high resolution computed tomography (CT) in five canine cadaver specimens and one anesthetized dog using 5mm thick transverse slices at 5mm intervals. |
| 1995/01 Intracranial Ring Enhancing Lesions in Dogs: A Correlative CT Scanning and Neuropathologic Study This retrospective analysis of 15 dogs with postcontrast ring enhancing brain lesions, each detected by a single Computed Tomography [CT] examination, searched for any association between their CT appearance and the pathologic diagnosis. |
| 1994/11 Computed Tomography-Guided Percutaneous Biopsy: Criteria for Accurate Needle Tip Identification Precise localization of the needle tip during CT-guided percutaneous biopsy is considered to be a key element of a successful procedure. To ensure accuracy, the true needle tip must be differentiated from a false or simulated tip which appears when the CT slice encompasses only the shaft of an angled needle. By obtaining images of an aspiration biopsy needle inserted vertically into a phantom and then incrementally tilting the gantry, the authors were able to compare the characteristic features of the true tip to the simulated tip. |
| 1994/11 Computed Tomography-Guided Percutaneous Biopsy in the Dog and Cat: Description of Technique and Preliminary Evaluation in 14 Patients A technique for computed tomography (CT)-guided percutaneous biopsy described for use in humans was adapted to the dog and cat and is evaluated in 14 patients. |
| 1994/11 Computed Tomography and Magnetic Resonance Imaging of the Normal Equine Carpus A normal equine carpus was used for computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging. The structures outlined were identified and described. The two techniques were compared. This anatomic description could be helpful as a basis for clinical exams. |
| 1994/09 Radiographic and Magnetic Resonance Imaging of the Stifle Joint in Experimental Osteoarthritis of Dogs Radiography and magnetic resonance imaging were used to evaluate osteoarthritis at 2, 6, and 12 weeks following transection of the cranial cruciate ligament of the stifle (femorotibial) joint of 6 dogs. A quantitative radiographic scoring system was used to assess the progression of hard and soft tissue changes of osteoarthritis. Mediolateral (flexed joint) and oblique (extended joint) radiographic projections enabled identification of small osteophytes on the femoral trochlear ridges, which were detected at an earlier stage of development than was previously reported. |
| 1994/09 A Review of High Resolution Computed Tomography and a Proposed Technique for Regional Examination of the Canine Lumbosacral Spine High resolution computed tomography (CT) is a noninvasive imaging modality that has been used extensively in evaluating diseases of the human lumbosacral spine. Excellent spatial and contrast resolution, combined with multiplanar reformatting capability make high resolution CT scanners well-suited for similar applications in dogs. |
| 1994/07 Vacuum Phenomenon of the Canine Spine: CT Findings in 3 Patients The vacuum phenomenon was identified in the spine of 3 dogs by computed tomography. |
| 1994/07 Computed Tomography of an Acute Hemorrhagic Cerebral Infarct in a Dog Computed tomography (CT) was performed on an eleven-year-old dog four days after an acute onset of seizures and neurologic deficits.. |
| 1994/03 Normal Variation in Size of the Lateral Ventricles of the Labrador Retriever Dog as Assessed by Magnetic Resonance Imaging Detecting canine brain lesions on computed tomography (CT) or magnetic resonance (MR) scans can be difficult if the lesions do not enhance well following administration of intravenous contrast material. Changes in the shape and position of the ventricular system can be important in the diagnosis of such lesions. |
| 1994/03 Computed Tomography of Craniomandibular Osteopathy in a Dog This report describes the use of computed tomography (CT) to evaluate the tympanic bullae and angular processes of the mandible in a West Highland White Terrier with craniomandibular osteopathy. The patient presented initially for swelling of the right forelimb. The report illustrates the use of computed tomography for evaluation of craniomandibular osteopathy, initial presentation with longbone pathology, and remarkable resolution of osseous changes. |
| 1993/11 Evaluation of the Lower Respiratory Tract in Psittacines Using Radiology and Computed Tomography In the last 21/2 years, 288 grey parrot and amazon species with symptoms of respiratory disease clinically were presented to the clinic for avian medicine at the Justus-Liebig-University in Giessen. Ventro-dorsal and latero-lateral radiographs were taken from all birds; radiologic signs of lower respiratory tract disease were noted. Radiographs were normal in 55 of the birds. The results of the radiographic examination for the remaining 233 birds were compared with the necropsy results of terminally ill parrots, with the results of laboratory examinations/endoscopy/and/or with an examination by computed tomography. Thoracic radiographs were evaluated for occurring radiological abnormalities pertaining to the respiratory tract. The frequency of these lesions and their association with a disease process and/or specific etiology was noted. |
| 1993/10 Tethered Spinal Cord and an Intradural Lipoma Associated with a Meningocele in a Manx-Type Cat An 8-month-old neutered male Manx-type cat was evaluated because of clear fluid that had been draining from a skin mass dorsocaudal to the sacrum for 1 week. Neurologically, the cat had poor postural reactions and poor withdrawal reflexes in the hind limbs. Ultrasonography of the dorsal sacral area revealed a 3-cm-long hypoechoic tract extending from the skin mass cranioventrally to the area of the sacrum. The tract appeared to contain a circular mass. Results of myelography and computed tomography helped to confirm the diagnosis of a meningocutaneous tract containing a mass. Surgical exploration was performed and the tract was excised. Histologic changes were similar to those in human beings with tethered spinal cord syndrome and an intradural lumbosacral lipoma. Surgery was indicated in this cat to prevent progression of neurologic signs associated with tethered cord syndrome and to prevent problems associated with loss of CSF through a fistulated meningocele. |
| 1993/09 CT of the Lower Forelimb of the Horse This study uses computed tomography and computer aided design software (I-DEAS(tm)) for the development of a three-dimensional electronic solids model of the lower limb of the horse. Data from two millimeter transverse contiguous slices of the distal forelimb of a yearling horse were acquired from a computed tomographic scanner and then transferred to a computer system via magnetic tape. Outline of the bony tissue for each scan slice was first obtained with a feature extraction algorithm. A solids model for each skeletal segment of the specimen was then reconstructed with I-DEAS(tm) and subsequently displayed with various graphics options. The reconstructed electronic solids model would be useful for the study of 3D joint mechanics and finite element analysis of the bony structures, as well as for diagnostic purposes providing CT images could be obtained antemortem. |
| 1993/07 Computed Tomography of Rambouillet Sheep Affected with Neuronal Ceroid Lipofuscinosis Computed tomography (CT) was performed on 3 normal Rambouillet sheep and 6 Rambouillet sheep affected with neuronal ceroid lipofuscinosis. Characteristic lesions seen in the brain of affected sheep included dramatically enlarged lateral ventricles and reduced cerebral thickness. |
| 1993/05 Anatomic Atlas for Computed Tomography in the Mesaticephalic Dog: Caudal Abdomen and Pelvis The purpose of this study was to produce a comprehensive anatomic atlas of CT anatomy of the dog for use by veterinary radiologists, clinicians, and surgeons. |
| 1993/04 Comparison of Computed Tomography with Radiography as a Noninvasive Diagnostic Technique for Chronic Nasal Disease in Dogs Computed tomography was evaluated as a noninvasive technique for the diagnosis of chronic nasal disease in dogs. Computed tomography appeared to be a reliable, noninvasive technique for the diagnosis of chronic nasal disease in dogs, and a promising alternative to diagnostic techniques currently in use. |
| 1993/03 Failure Patterns Following Cobalt Irradiation in Dogs with Nasal Carcinoma The pattern of tumor recurrence was assessed in 24 dogs receiving cobalt radiation therapy for nasal carcinoma. |
| 1993/03 Computed Tomography and Blood Gas Analysis of Anesthetized Bloodhounds with Induced Pneumothorax Increasingly severe degrees of pneumothorax were produced in 6 adult anesthetized bloodhounds. Computed tomography (CT) of the thorax was performed on each dog to evaluate the effects of pneumo thorax on thoracic and on pulmonary cross-sectional area (TA and PA). |
| 1993/03 Anatomic Atlas for Computed Tomography in the Mesaticephalic Dog: Thorax and Cranial Abdomen The purpose of this study was to produce a comprehensive anatomic atlas of CT anatomy of the dog for use by veterinary radiologists, clinicians, and surgeons. |
| 1992/09 Computed Tomography of Primary Inflammatory Brain Disorders in Dogs and Cats A retrospective study of 22 animals with histologically confirmed, primary inflammatory brain disease was undertaken to determine the value of computed tomography in such patients. |
| 1992/07 Anatomic Atlas for Computed Tomography in the Mesaticephalic Dog: Head and Neck The purpose of this study was to produce a comprehensive anatomic atlas of CT anatomy of the dog for use by veterinary radiologists, clinicians, and surgeons. |
| 1992/05 Computed Tomographic Imaging of Nasal Disease in 100 Dogs One hundred dogs with nasal disease were evaluated by computed tomography (CT). |
| 1992/03 Computed Tomographic Anatomy of the Canine Nasal Passages A normal German shepherd dog underwent CT imaging with contiguous 10 mm thick images made of the nasal cavity from the caudal limit of the frontal sinuses to the rostral aspect of the nose. Normal structures were identified. This normal anatomic information will be of use in assessing CT images of dogs suspected of having nasal cavity disease. |
| 1991/05 A Retrospective Study of 27 Dogs with Intranasal Neoplasms Treated with Cobalt Radiation Twenty-seven dogs with sinonasal neoplasms were treated with cobalt radiation. Cytoreductive surgery was performed in six of the patients prior to initiation of irradiation. |
| 1991/01 MR, CT and Clinical Features from Four Dogs with Nasal Tumors Involving the Rostral Cerebrum The clinical findings and computed tomographic and magnetic resonance images from four dogs with nasal tumors that invaded the central nervous system were revlewed. There were minimal or no clinical signs related to nasal disease. Brain imaging with magnetic resonance or computed tomography demonstrated antemortem involvement of brain and nasal structures. Magnetic resonance imaging was optimal for demonstrating this involvement and showed more detailed anatomic features of the mass and secondary pathologies attributed to the mass. |
| 1991/01 Fat-Containing Soft-Tissue Masses of the Extremities The authors review the radiologic spectrum of fat-containing soft-tissue masses of the extremities, with emphasis on computed tomography, magnetic resonance imaging, and pathologic correlation. |
| 1990/05 Evaluation of Survey Radiography, Linear Tomography and Computed Tomography for Detecting Experimental Lesions of the Cribriform Plate in Dogs Survey radiography, linear tomography, and computed tomography were used to image cribriform plate lesions that were created experimentally using intramedullary pins in 18 dog cadaver skulls. |
| 1990/03 Volumetric Image Processing for Three-Dimensional Display of the Skeletal Anatomy of the Sea Otter Volumetrically correct, three-dimensional color images of the sea otter, (Enhydra lutris), were generated from computed tomographic (CT) data using a Sun 3/160 workstation and a Pixar Imaging Computer. These images could be displayed as static images (1024◊768) or rotated about any axis in real-time by displaying sequential rotation sequences generated by the Pixar Imaging Computer. |
| 1990/03 Ultrasonographic Diagnosis of Canine Hydrocephalus The brains of 23 canine patients and six random-source dogs were examined ultrasonographically through the bregmatic fontanelle or a surgical craniotomy. |
| 1990/03 Cisternography Combined with Linear Tomography for Visualization of the Pituitary Gland in Healthy Dogs a Comparison with Computed Tomography Cisternography combined with linear tomography was performed in ten clinically healthy dogs (weighing 14-33 kg) to visualize the pituitary gland, and results were compared with the results from sagittal midline computed tomography (CT) in these dogs. |
| 1990/02 Dorsal Plane Computed Tomographic Imaging of the Ethmoid Region to Evaluate Chronic Nasal Disease in the Dog Computed tomographic anatomy of the normal canine ethmoid region using both transverse and dorsal imaging plane is described. In the transverse plane, the cribriform plate appears as an irregular heart-shaped to rectangular structure that is generally visualized on no more than one to two contiguous 4-mm slices. |
| 1989/11 Radiographic Heart-Volume Estimation in Normal Cats Heart volume mensuration was evaluated on conventional radiographs from eight normal cats in different body positions using computed tomography (CT). |
| 1989/05 Neuroradiographic Diagnosis and Surgical Repair of Tethered Cord Syndrome in an English Bulldog with Spina Bifida and Myeloschisis A 3-month-old English Bulldog had excretory incontinence and sensory deficits in the distribution of pudendal nerves. Noncontrast radiography, myelography, and computed tomography revealed spina bifida beginning at L7, an expanded subarachnoid space caudal to L7, and a taut, thick filum terminale. Microsurgical exploration of the lumbosacral spine confirmed the presence of a tethered cord, and the filum terminale was transected. The spinal cord immediately migrated cranially about 1 cm. Although some sensory improvement was evident during a 2-week postoperative period, the dog was euthanatized. Postmortem examination confirmed spina bifida and atrophy of sacral nerve roots and perineal muscles, thoracic hemivertebrae, and hydrocephalus. |
| 1989/02 A Comparison of Radiographic and Computed Tomographic Findings in 31 Dogs with Malignant Nasal Cavity Tumors Nasal cavity radiographs and CT images from 31 dogs with nasal cavity cancer were compared. All dogs had abnormal clinical signs relating to -nasal cancer and histologic confirmation of malignant nasal cavity neoplasia. No dog had cyto reductive surgery prior to imaging. All radiographic and CT examinations were abnormal. CT was more accurate than radiographs in identifying unilateral versus bilateral nasal cavity disease and tumor extension into adjacent structures such as the cranial cavity, hard palate, and pterygopala-tine fossa. |
| 1988/09 Computed Tomographic Evaluation of Head Trauma in a Foal This case report describes computed tomographic findings of a three-month-old, 180 kg female Arabian foal that had suffered head trauma. Computed tomography proved valuable in antemortem diagnosis of skull base fracture and extradural hematoma, which were confirmed by postmortem examination. |
| 1988/07 Detection of a Liver Tumor in a Beagle Dog Using Single Photon Emission Computed Tomography This case report describes the detection of a liver tumor in an 112013year-old female Beagle dog using single photon-emission computed tomography (SPECT). A mass was palpated in the cranial abdomen during removal of recurrent mammary tumors. A conventional nuclear medicine liver scan, following injection of 99mTc-sulfur colloid, was equivocal. SPECT was then performed in a second procedure, using a simple system that rotated the dog before a gamma camera. Transverse plane images clearly showed a spheric space-occupying lesion, found at gross necropsy and confirmed histologically as a hepatoma. Discrete liver tumors may be detected more readily and their size determined more accurately using SPECT than with conventional nuclear medicine approaches. |
| 1988/07 Computed Tomographic Anatomy of the Distal Extremity of the Horse X-ray computed tomography (CT) is an imaging tool that is becoming increasingly available for use in veterinary medicine. Advantages, including depiction of detailed cross-sectional anatomy, improved contrast resolution, and computer reformatting, make it a potentially valuable diagnostic technique. Veterinary application of CT has been primarily limited to use in small animals. Current reports describe the technique for use in the horse, but there are no published studies correlating serial CT images with equine cross-sectional anatomy. |
| 1987/09 Computed Tomography in Horses Computed tomography (CT) is a valuable imaging procedure but one that requires significant technical support. Although scanners are available for veterinary use, their successful installation requires in-depth facility planning. Maintenance costs for these highly complex systems are high and may greatly exceed acquisition costs. Equipment to move anesthetized horses and support them during scanning is also expensive. Transport and scan table equipment suitable for equine CT studies are described. Clinical scan protocols used for CT of the equine skull and extremities are detailed. Precise positioning is essential for interpretable scans. Significant training in anatomy and CT physics is required for the veterinary computed tomographer. |
| 1986/July Differentiation of Neoplastic from Non-Neoplastic Lesions in Dog Brain Using Quantitative CT The uptake and washout of iodinated contrast medium in neoplastic and non-neoplastic lesions in the dog brin was quantified using computed tomography. |
| 1985/03 A Computed Tomographic Study of Volume and X-Ray Attenuation of the Lungs of Beagles in Various Body Positions The influence of body position on volume and x-ray attenuation of the lungs of three Beagles was investigated with computed tomography.. |
| 1984/07 Comparative Organ Imaging Lower Urinary Tract Survey and contrast radiography, ultrasonography, and computed tomography are diagnostic imaging modes used to evaluate the urinary bladder, prostate gland, and urethra. Their comparative advantages and limitations for evaluation of the lower urinary tract are described and illustrated. |
| 1984/01 Computed Tomography of Aspiration Pneumonia in a Dog A dog with aspiration pneumonia was examined by computed tomography (CT) with 8-mm continuous scans of the chest. The results demonstrated that CT is a useful procedure for evaluating pneumonia, although high cost prevents its routine use. A normal littermate was examined, and normal structures of the chest and chest wall were compared. |
| 1984/01 Anatomy of the Canine Orbital Region Computed tomography (CT) was used to study the normal anatomy of the orbital region in one Beagle. |
| 1982/07 Computed Tomography of the Thorax of the Adult Nubian Goat* A stable adult animal model is needed to mimic as closely as possible the conditions which will exist when a permanent total cardiac prosthesis is placed in a human. |
| 1981/11 Tomy of the Canine Brain Using High Resolution Computed Tomography* High resolution computed tomography (CT) was used to determine the normal appearance of the brain of an adult Beagle dog. |
| 1981/11 Computed Tomography of Brain Tumors in the Caudal Fossa of the Dog* Computed tomography (CT) was used to investigate brain tumors in the caudal fossa of three dogs. |
| 1981/07 Imaging: Radiography-11* In this paper an overview of principles involved in radiographic imaging by tomography, magnification radiography, xeroradiography, and computed tomography is presented. Tomography is a method to selectively blur distracting superimposed shadows while maintaining relative image sharpness in a plane of concern. Magnification radiography is a method to directly enlarge the radiographic image by increasing object-film distance and utilizing a small focal spot. Xeroradiography is an electrostatic imaging process that provides wide latitude and good resolution through enhanced contrast in tissues with poor inherent contrast. Computed tomography involves imaging by computer analysis of x-ray absorption utilizing rotational x-ray projections. |
| 1976/03 Congenital Neuromuscular Esophageal Disease in a Litter of Newfoundland Puppies |