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Below is a growing list of 407 scientific articles that deal directly or indirectly with Magnetic Resonance Imaging in veterinary medicine. The articles are sorted by date with the most recent at the top. A brief description of the article follows the title. To follow a link to the abstract page, click on the title. A link to the source of the article is available by clicking on the journal title on the individual abstract page. |
| 2012/05 Suspected Acquired Hypocobalaminaemic Encephalopathy in a Cat: Resolution of Encephalopathic Signs and MRI Lesions Subsequent to Cobalamin Supplementation Presenting signs and initial investigations: An 8-year-old female spayed British shorthair cat was presented with a history of waxing and waning neurological signs. Neuroanatomical localisation was consistent with a diffuse forebrain disease. |
| 2012/05 Magnetic Resonance Imaging for the Differentiation of Neoplastic, Inflammatory, and Cerebrovascular Brain Disease in Dogs BACKGROUND: The reliability and validity of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) for detecting neoplastic, inflammatory, and cerebrovascular brain lesions in dogs are unknown. OBJECTIVES: To estimate sensitivity, specificity, and inter-rater agreement of MRI for classifying histologically confirmed neoplastic, inflammatory, and cerebrovascular brain disease in dogs. ANIMALS: One hundred and twenty-one client-owned dogs diagnosed with brain disease (n = 77) or idiopathic epilepsy (n = 44). METHODS: Retrospective, multi-institutional case series; 3 investigators analyzed MR images for the presence of a brain lesion with and without knowledge of case clinical data. |
| 2012/04 Syringosubarachnoid Shunt as a Management for Syringohydromyelia in Dogs. Objective: To evaluate retrospectively the efficacy of syringosubarachnoid shunt for the management of syringohydromyelia/syringomyelia. Methods: Eleven dogs diagnosed with syringohydromyelia/syringomyelia by magnetic resonance imaging associated with Chiari-like malformation underwent placement of a syringosubarachnoid shunt at the cervical (nine dogs) or lumbar (two dogs) spinal cord. |
| 2012/04 MR Anatomy of Salivary Glands in the Dog With 3 figures and 2 tables SUMMARY: This retrospective analysis documented the magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) appearance of normal salivary glands based on 101 studies in dogs with no detectable disease in the splanchnocranium. |
| 2012/04 Evolution of Clinical Signs and Predictors of Outcome after Conservative Medical Treatment for Disk-Associated Cervical Spondylomyelopathy in Dogs Objective-To evaluate the evolution of clinical signs and their correlation with results of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) and to assess potential prognostic variables after conservative medical treatment for disk-associated cervical spondylomyelopathy (DA-CSM) in dogs. |
| 2012/03 Serial MRI and CSF Analysis in a Dog Treated with Intrathecal Amphotericin B for Protothecosis A 3 yr old female spayed English setter mixed-breed dog presented with diarrhea, weight loss, side stepping to the right, and a right head tilt. Rectal and cerebrospinal fluid cytology and culture confirmed a diagnosis of Prototheca zopfii. MRI of the brain showed inflammation of the brain and meninges, ventriculomegaly, and syringomyelia. |
| 2012/03 Evaluation of the Quality of the Recovery after Administration of Propofol or Alfaxalone for Induction of Anaesthesia in Dogs Anaesthetized for Magnetic Resonance Imaging Objective To compare the quality of the recovery when propofol or alfaxalone were administered for the induction of anaesthesia in dogs undergoing neurological diagnostic procedures. Experimental design Prospective, randomized clinical trial. Animals Forty two client-owned dogs, 21 females and 21 males, weighing between 5.7 and 55 kg. Methods Each dog was sedated with methadone (0.2 mg kg(-1) intramuscularly or 0.1 mg kg(-1) intravenously). |
| 2012/02 Usefulness of a Half-Fourier Acquisition Single-Shot Turbo Spin-Echo Pulse Sequence in Identifying Arachnoid Diverticula in Dogs Single-shot turbo spin-echo sequences are heavily T2-weighted sequences that are exceptionally well suited to evaluate the subarachnoid space. In the T2-weighted fast spin-echo sequences that are used routinely in spinal magnetic resonance (MR) imaging, the subarachnoid space is not well differentiated from the surrounding epidural fat, which could lead to decreased detection of lesions of the subarachnoid space such as arachnoid diverticula. |
| 2012/02 Spinal Cord Trauma in a Cat Caused by Ingestion of a Splinter A 5-month-old male Abyssinian presented with right hemiplegia. Cervical radiographs, haematology and serum biochemistry were normal. A foreign body was identified on computed tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Removal of the foreign body was carried out via a dorsal approach between the occipital bone and the C1 vertebral body using intra-operative CT. |
| 2012/02 Porencephaly in Dogs and Cats: Magnetic Resonance Imaging Findings and Clinical Signs Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) features of brain lesions in 5 dogs and 2 cats characterized by extensive cystic changes of the cerebral hemispheres in terms of a porencephaly are presented. Age at diagnosis ranged from 12 weeks to 7 years. MRI findings were confined to the forebrain. |
| 2012/02 Porencephaly and Hydranencephaly in Six Dogs A retrospective study was performed to identify dogs with cerebrospinal fluid-filled cavitatory lesions on MRI. Six dogs were included and the lesions were classified. |
| 2012/02 Magnetic Resonance Imaging of Canine Mast Cell Tumors Mast cell tumors (MCT) are the most common cutaneous tumors in dogs. Our purpose was to describe the magnetic resonance (MR) imaging characteristics of cutaneous MCT and to identify imaging characteristics that allow differentiation of metastatic from normal lymph nodes. Eight dogs with a total of nineMCT were imaged as were their presumed draining and associated contralateral lymph nodes. The signal intensity of tumors and lymph nodes was compared to adjacent musculature. On T2-W images, 7/9 MCT were hyperintense to muscle and 2/9 were isointense. On T1-W images, 8/9 MCT were isointense and 1/9 were mildly hypointense. |
| 2012/02 Magnetic Resonance Imaging and Ultrasonography in Dogs and Cats with Ocular and Orbital Diseases. Part 1: Ocular Diseases] Objective: This two-part study describes the clinical usefulness and value of ultrasound and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in dogs and cats with ocular (n=30) and orbital diseases (n=31). MRI and ultrasonography characteristics are described in single cases with ocular and orbital disease. Material and methods: Ultrasonography and MRI were performed in 15 dogs and 15 cats with intraocular neoplasia or intraocular inflammatory disease. |
| 2012/02 Magnetic Resonance Imaging Enhancement of Intervertebral Disc Disease in 30 Dogs Following Chemical Fat Saturation Objective: To describe the patterns of enhancement of extradural intervertebral disc on chemically fat saturated gadolinium-enhanced magnetic resonance images and to investigate the clinical and pathological associations with enhancement. Methods: Medical records and magnetic resonance images were reviewed from 30 dogs with histopathologically confirmed disc disease and enhancement on a T1-weighted postcontrast fat saturated sequence. |
| 2012/02 MRI Features of Gliomatosis Cerebri in a Dog The features of gliomatosis cerebri involving the brainstem and cerebellum in a 3-year-old dog are described. In magnetic resonance (MR) images, there was diffuse loss of the cerebellar folia and cerebellar gray and white matter contrast. Multiple illdefined T2-hyperintensities were present in the cerebellar parenchyma. |
| 2012/02 Imaging Diagnosis—Lack of Contrast Enhancement in Metastatic Cerebral Adenocarcinoma A 7-year-old female spayed Scottish Terrier was presented with central nervous system symptoms suggestive of a lesion in the forebrain. Magnetic resonance (MR) imaging revealed multifocal disease in the forebrain. Because of complete lack of contrast enhancement, the changes were attributed to lesions of inflammatory origin. |
| 2012/02 Description and Validation of a Magnetic Resonance Imaging-Guided Stereotactic Brain Biopsy Device in the Dog A stereotactic brain biopsy system that is magnetic resonance (MR) imaging-guided has not been validated in dogs. Our purpose was to determine the mean needle placement error in the caudate nucleus, thalamus, and midbrain of a canine cadaver brain using the modified Brainsight™ stereotactic system. |
| 2012/02 Clinical and Magnetic Resonance Imaging Features of Canine Compressive Cervical Myelopathy with Suspected Hydrated Nucleus Pulposus Extrusion Objective: To describe clinical and magnetic resonance imaging features in dogs with compressive cervical myelopathy due to acute suspected hydrated nucleus pulposus extrusion. Design: Retrospective case series. Animals: Ten dogs with compressive cervical myelopathy caused by acute suspected hydrated nucleus pulposus extrusion. Materials and Methods: Medical records and magnetic resonance images of dogs evaluated from 2005 through 2010 were reviewed. |
| 2012/02 Agreement between T2 and Haste Sequences in the Evaluation of Thoracolumbar Intervertebral Disc Disease in Dogs The purpose of this study was to compare half-Fourier-acquisition single-shot turbo spin-echo (HASTE) and T2-weighted (T2-W) sequences in dogs with thoracolumbar disc extrusion. MRI studies in 60 dogs (767 individual intervertebral disc spaces) were evaluated. |
| 2012/01 The Use of Delayed Gadolinium Enhanced Magnetic Resonance Imaging of Cartilage and T2 Mapping to Evaluate Articular Cartilage in the Normal Canine Elbow Commonly used diagnostic tools used to evaluate articular cartilage lack the sensitivity, specificity, and objectivity to measure early changes associated with osteoarthritis. |
| 2012/01 Surgical Management of First Caudal Nerve Root Foraminal Compression Secondary to Intervertebral Disc Disease in a Cocker Spaniel A nine-year-old spayed female Cocker Spaniel was investigated for an eight week history of licking and rubbing at the tail base, dullness, and signs of pain on manipulation of the tail. Left-sided intraforaminal compression of the first caudal nerve root due to intervertebral disc disease was diagnosed by radiographic, computed tomography, and magnetic resonance imaging examinations. |
| 2012/01 Musculoskeletal Imaging in the Cat: What's Normal? What's Abnormal? Practical relevance Despite the increasing availability of ultrasonography, computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), radiography remains the primary imaging modality for the assessment of feline musculoskeletal disease in practice. In many respects, having a more feline-focused approach to radiography will reward the clinician with better quality images and, hence, a greater likelihood of a correct diagnosis. |
| 2012/01 Morphometric Features of the Craniocervical Junction Region in Dogs with Suspected Chiari-Like Malformation Determined by Combined Use of Magnetic Resonance Imaging and Computed Tomography Objective-To objectively describe morphometric features of the craniocervical junction region of Cavalier King Charles Spaniels (CKCSs) and non-CKCS dogs with suspected Chiari-like malformation (CLM) and identify associations between these features and the presence of other malformations in this region. Animals-216 CKCSs and 58 non-CKCS dogs. |
| 2012/01 Magnetic Resonance Imaging Findings of Equine Solar Penetration Wounds The magnetic resonance (MR) imaging features, signalment, clinical history and outcome of 55 horses with a penetrating sole injury were evaluated. Our aim was to describe MR imaging findings within the hoof capsule, assess the utility of the technique and give recommendations for the optimal MR imaging protocol to evaluate such injuries. |
| 2012/01 Magnetic Resonance Imaging Characterization of Vertebral Endplate Changes in the Dog Spinal MR images acquired from canine patients over a 7-year period were reviewed for the presence of vertebral endplate changes. Seventy-five dogs with 76 distinct lesions were identified. |
| 2012/01 MRI Features of CNS Lymphoma in Dogs and Cats The magnetic resonance (MR) imaging features of central nervous system lymphoma in eight dogs and four cats are described. Intracranial lesions affected the rostrotentorial structures in six dogs and caudotentorial structures in two cats. |
| 2012/01 Effect of Acquisition Time and Chemical Fat Suppression on Meningeal Enhancement on Mr Imaging in Dogs Our purpose was to characterize meningeal gadolinium enhancement on magnetic resonance (MR) imaging in dogs with inflammatory and neoplastic diseases, and to assess interobserver variability and the impact of delayed acquisition and chemical fat saturation on its conspicuity. . |
| 2012/01 Atypical Meningeal Granular Cell Tumor in a Dog A 10-year-old, female spayed Chihuahua dog was presented to the Veterinary Teaching Hospital at the University of Georgia for evaluation of seizures, abnormal mentation, and cervical pain of 2 months duration. On magnetic resonance imaging, there was generalized thickening of the meninges overlying the left cerebral hemisphere and along the falx cerebri. |
| 2011/11 Magnetic Resonance Imaging Vertebral Canal and Body Ratios in Doberman Pinschers with and without Disk-Associated Cervical Spondylomyelopathy and Clinically Normal English Foxhounds Objective-To determine magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) vertebral ratio values representing vertebral canal height, vertebral canal shape, and vertebral body shape in Doberman Pinschers with and without disk-associated cervical spondylomyelopathy (DACSM) and clinically normal English Foxhounds. |
| 2011/11 Clinical and Diagnostic Imaging Findings in Dogs with Zygomatic Sialadenitis: 11 Cases (1990-2009) Objective-To describe clinical and diagnostic imaging features of zygomatic sialadenitis in dogs. Design-Retrospective case series. Animals-11 dogs with zygomatic sialadenitis and 20 control dogs without evidence of retrobulbar disease. Procedures-Medical records were searched for dogs with zygomatic sialadenitis that underwent some combination of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), computed tomography (CT), and ultrasonography. |
| 2011/09 The Use of Diffusion Tensor Imaging to Evaluate the Spinal Cord in Normal and Abnormal Dogs Diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) is a specialized magnetic resonance sequence to determine the direction of water molecule motion. Our hypothesis was that information derived from DTI will be significantly different in dogs with a spinal cord lesion compared with a normal dog. Eleven normal dogs and six dogs with a spinal cord lesions were imaged. DTI was performed along with standard T1- and T2-weighted sequences in transverse and sagittal planes. |
| 2011/09 Standing Low-Field Magnetic Resonance Imaging Appearance of Normal Collateral Ligaments of the Equine Distal Interphalangeal Joint High- and low-field magnetic resonance (MR) imaging systems are available for clinical diagnosis of collateral desmopathy of the equine distal interphalangeal joint (DIJ). Knowledge of the normal appearance, size, shape, and signal variation of these ligaments on high- and low-field MR images is essential when assessing desmopathy detected by MR imaging. However, there are no descriptions of the normal features of DIJ collateral ligaments on images obtained with a standing low-field MR system. Low-field MR imaging characteristics of normal collateral ligaments of the DIJ of cadaver feet were corroborated with high-field MR imaging and histologic examination to exclude desmopathy. |
| 2011/09 Imaging Findings in Dogs with Caudal Intervertebral Disc Herniation The radiographic and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) findings for four dogs with herniation of the Cd1–Cd2 intervertebral disc are described. All dogs were 7 years of age at the time of presentation, with one neutered male and three neutered females. Breeds included one Beagle, one Bassett hound, and two large, mixed breed dogs. All dogs had tail pain on manipulation, two had pain during defecation, and two maintained an abnormal tail position. Three dogs had radiographs in which mineralization within the disc space was apparent. Two of these dogs also had mineralization within the vertebral canal. Three dogs underwent MRI, which was characterized by varying degrees of disc herniation and nerve root compression at Cd1–Cd2. Mobility may be a factor predisposing to disc herniation in the cranial aspect of the caudal spine. We documented that caudal disc herniation does occur occasionally in dogs and that radiography and MRI may be used to identify this disease. Caudal intervertebral disc herniation should be considered as a differential for dogs with caudal vertebral pain, pain with tail manipulation, pain during defecation, or abnormal tail carriage. |
| 2011/09 Cardiac Magnetic Resonance in the Differentiation of Neoplastic and Nonneoplastic Pericardial Effusion Background: Cardiac magnetic resonance (CMR) is the imaging modality of choice for cardiac tumors in people. Although neoplastic pericardial effusion (PE) carries a poor prognosis, benign idiopathic pericardial effusion does not. Definitive diagnosis is critical for surgical intervention, but currently available diagnostic techniques such as echocardiography and pericardial fluid cytology often are inconclusive. |
| 2011/09 Brain Abscess in Seven Cats Due to a Bite Wound: MRI Findings, Surgical Management and Outcome Seven adult domestic shorthair cats were presented with a 1- to 6-day history of progressive neurological signs. A focal skin puncture and subcutaneous swelling over the dorsal part of the head were detected on physical examination. Neurological examination indicated lesion(s) in the right forebrain in four cats, multifocal forebrain in one cat, left forebrain in one cat, and multifocal forebrain and brainstem in the remaining cat. In all cats, magnetic resonance imaging revealed a space-occupying forebrain lesion causing a severe mass effect on adjacent brain parenchyma. |
| 2011/09 This report describes the clinical, histopathologic, and imaging findings of multifocal oligodendrogliomas from three canine patients. |
| 2011/07 Positive Contrast Magnetic Resonance Bursography for Assessment of the Navicular Bursa and Surrounding Soft Tissues Magnetic resonance (MR) imaging is often performed to determine the cause of palmar heel pain. We evaluated how distension of the navicular bursa affected the MR appearance of the navicular bursa and associated structures. An MR evaluation was performed on normal cadaver limbs and cadaver limbs from horses with lameness localized to the foot. |
| 2011/07 Magnetic Resonance Imaging Susceptibility Artifacts Due to Metallic Foreign Bodies Susceptibility artifacts due to metallic foreign bodies may interfere with interpretation of magnetic resonance (MR) imaging studies. Additionally, migration of metallic objects may pose a risk to patients undergoing MR imaging. Our purpose was to investigate prevalence, underlying cause, and diagnostic implications of susceptibility artifacts in small animal MR imaging and report associated adverse effects. MR imaging studies performed in dogs and cats between April 2008 and March 2010 were evaluated retrospectively for the presence of susceptibility artifacts associated with metallic foreign bodies. Studies were performed using a 1.0 T scanner. |
| 2011/07 Magnetic Resonance Imaging Findings in Horses with Septic Arthritis Fourteen horses with septic arthritis underwent high-field (1.5 T) magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Septic arthritis was diagnosed based on results from historical and clinical findings, synovial fluid analyses and culture, and radiographic, ultrasonographic, arthroscopic, and histopathologic findings. |
| 2011/07 Magnetic Resonance Imaging Findings in 15 Acromegalic Cats Feline acromegaly is characterized by chronic excessive growth hormone secretion, most commonly caused by a functional pituitary adenoma. In this study, acromegaly was diagnosed in 15 cats on the basis of compatible clinical signs, laboratory, and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) findings. MRI findings were reviewed retrospectively. |
| 2011/07 Fractures of the Distal Phalanx and Associated Soft Tissue and Osseous Abnormalities in 22 Horses with Ossified Sclerotic Ungual Cartilages Diagnosed with Magnetic Resonance Imaging Ungual cartilage ossification in the forelimb is a common finding in horses. Subtle abnormalities associated with the ungual cartilages can be difficult to identify on radiographs. Magnetic resonance (MR) imaging findings of 22 horses (23 forelimbs) with a fracture of the distal phalanx and ossified ungual cartilage were characterized and graded. |
| 2011/07 Contrast Media Enhancement of Intracranial Lesions in Magnetic Resonance Imaging Does Not Reflect Histopathologic Findings Consistent Certain magnetic resonance (MR) enhancement patterns are often considered to be associated with a specific diagnosis but experience shows that this association is not always consistent. Therefore, it is not clear how reliably contrast enhancement patterns correlate with specific tissue changes. We investigated the detailed histomorphologic findings of intracranial lesions in relation to Gadodiamide contrast enhancement in 55 lesions from 55 patients, nine cats, and 46 dogs. |
| 2011/07 A Review of Orbital and Intracranial Magnetic Resonance Imaging in 79 Canine and 13 Feline Patients (2004–2010) Abstract Objective To review the distribution of orbital and intracranial disease in canine and feline patients undergoing magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) following referral to a veterinary ophthalmologist and to correlate results of MRI with pathologic conditions including neoplasia, suspected optic neuritis (ON) and orbital cellulitis. Recognized and emerging imaging techniques are reviewed. Procedure Medical records of 79 canine and 13 feline patients were reviewed. |
| 2011/06 The Value of Radiographic Screening for Metallic Particles in the Equine Foot and Size of Related Artifacts on Low-Field MRI Magnetic susceptibility artifacts as a result of metal debris from shoeing are a common problem in magnetic resonance imaging of the equine foot. Our purpose was to determine the suitability of radiography as a screening tool for the presence and location of metallic particles in the equine foot and to predict the size of the resultant magnetic susceptibility artifact. |
| 2011/06 Intraobserver, Interobserver, and Intermethod Agreement for Results of Myelography, Computed Tomography-Myelography, and Low-Field Magnetic Resonance Imaging in Dogs with Disk-Associated Wobbler Syndrome Objective-To determine intraobserver, interobserver, and intermethod agreement for results of myelography, computed tomography-myelography (CTM), and low-field magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in dogs with disk-associated wobbler syndrome (DAWS). Design-Prospective cross-sectional study. Animals-22 dogs with DAWS. Procedures-All dogs underwent myelography, CTM, and low-field MRI. |
| 2011/06 Imaging Diagnosis—Spinal Cord Hemangioma in Two Dogs. Intramedullary masses are a dilemma due to the limited access for a nonsurgical biopsy, thus, accurate imaging characterization is crucial. Magnetic resonance imaging findings of two confirmed canine thoracic intramedullary hemangiomas are described. |
| 2011/06 Effect of Delayed Acquisition Times on Gadolinium-Enhanced Magnetic Resonance Imaging of the Presumably Normal Canine Brain. A delay in imaging following intravenous contrast medium administration has been recommended to reduce misdiagnoses. However, the normal variation of contrast enhancement in dogs following a delay has not been characterized. Contrast-enhanced MR imaging of 22 dogs was assessed, in terms of identification of normal anatomic structures, to investigate the variation associated with 10-min delay between contrast medium administration and imaging. |
| 2011/06 Clinical and Diagnostic Imaging Findings in Horses with Subchondral Bone Trauma of the Sagittal Groove of the Proximal Phalanx. Eight sports horses with unilateral (4) or bilateral (3) forelimb or unilateral hindlimb (1) lameness had subtle radiologic abnormalities of the subchondral bone of the sagittal groove of the proximal phalanx associated with moderate or intense increased radiopharmaceutical uptake. |
| 2011/05 Reliability of T2-Weighted Sagittal Magnetic Resonance Images for Determining the Location of Compressive Disk Herniation in Dogs Magnetic resonance imaging is used commonly to diagnose intervertebral disk herniation in dogs. It is common to locate areas of suspected compression on sagittal T2-weighted (T2-W) images and then obtain limited transverse images in these areas to reduce the acquisition time (a step-by-step approach). Our objective was to assess the frequency of correct localization of spinal cord compression due to disk herniation using only the sagittal images. |
| 2011/05 Magnetic Resonance Anatomy of the Carpus of the Horse Described from Images Acquired from Low-Field and High-Field Magnets Cadaver carpi of 30 mature horses with no history of carpal or proximal metacarpal pain were examined using low-field (0.27 T) and high-field (1.5 T) magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Normal MRI anatomy in transverse, sagittal, and dorsal plane images was determined by comparison with anatomical specimens and standard texts. |
| 2011/05 Imaging Diagnosis—Synovial Myxoma of Lumbar Vertebrae Articular Process Joint Magnetic resonance (MR) imaging and histopathology were used to diagnose an articular process synovial myxoma in a dog. On MR images, the tumor was characterized by distortion of the left L1–L2 articular process, widening of the articular process joint, and the presence of a mass contiguous with the synovium of the articular process that displaced the spinal cord. The tumor was T2-hyperintense, T1-hypointense, relative to muscle, and had mild contrast enhancement. The MR features of articular process synovial myxoma may be distinct from other diseases of the articular process joint. |
| 2011/05 Imaging Diagnosis—Magnetic Resonance Imaging Pulsatility Artifact in the Canine Cervical Spine Pulsatile venous flow in the internal vertebral venous plexus of the cervical spine can lead to vertical, linear T2-hyperintensities in the spinal cord at the cranial aspect of C3 and C4 in transverse T2-weighted images in large breed dogs that are not accompanied by ghosting. The artifact is more conspicuous in pre- and postcontrast transverse T1-weighted images and is accompanied by ghosting in that sequence, typical of a pulsatility artifact. A flow-related artifact was confirmed as the cause for this appearance by noting its absence after either exchange of phase and frequency encoding direction or by flow compensation. Care should be exercised to avoid misdiagnosing this pulsatility artifact seen in transverse T2-weighted images of the midcervical spine in large dogs as an intramedullary lesion when T1-images or phase-swap images are not available to confirm its artifactual origin. |
| 2011/05 Imaging Diagnosis—Intracranial Cryptococcal Mass in a Cat A 4-year-old neutered female domestic shorthair was evaluated for mentation changes and left prosencephalic signs. This imaging report describes the imaging findings for this patient. A diagnosis of a cryptococcal mass was made based on imaging and additional diagnostics. Complete resolution of the mass was demonstrated by follow-up imaging. This report serves as a reminder that masses associated with cryptococcal infection should be included on the differential list for cats with intracranial masses. In addition, this report provides evidence that large intracranial cryptococcal masses may resolve with long-term medical therapy. |
| 2011/05 Contrast-Enhanced Portal Magnetic Resonance Angiography in Dogs with Suspected Congenital Portal Vascular Anomalies Contrast-enhanced multiphase magnetic resonance angiography (CE-MRA) was used in 17 dogs with a suspected congenital portal vascular anomaly. Portal vascular anomalies were identified in 16 of the 17 dogs. Eleven had a single intrahepatic portocaval shunt (two central divisional, three right divisional, and six left divisional), one dog had a double intrahepatic portocaval shunt, one dog had a hepatic arteriovenous malformation, one dog had a complex intrahepatic porto-caval shunt. |
| 2011/04 Sensitivity of Low-Field T2* Images for Detecting the Presence and Severity of Histopathologic Meniscal Lesions in Dogs The sensitivity of low-field magnetic resonance (MR) T2* images for predicting the presence of meniscal lesions was determined in 12 dogs with naturally-occurring cranial cruciate ligament rupture and three control dogs, using histopathology as the reference standard. Previously published grading systems were used to grade the severity of meniscal lesions on MR images, gross inspection and histopathology. |
| 2011/03 The Effect of Sequence Selection and Field Strength on Detection of Osteochondral Defects in the Metacarpophalangeal Joint Six cadaver forelimbs were imaged in two high-field magnetic resonance (MR) systems and one low-field MR system following the creation of osteochondral defects on the palmar distal aspect of the third metacarpal bone. The following sequences were performed using all three systems: proton density (PD) turbo spin echo, T2* gradient echo (GRE), T2-weighted fast spin echo, and short tau inversion recovery. |
| 2011/03 Magnetic Resonance Imaging of Selected Limb Joints in Dogs The presented paper presents updated information concerning magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of shoulder joint, elbow joint and knee joint in dogs. It describes indications, planes, standard sequences, slice thickness to perform MRI examination of above mentioned joints. Besides general information about basic physics use in magnetic resonance imaging, and practical information about magnetic resonance and it usage in orthopedic examination are given. |
| 2011/03 Magnetic Resonance Imaging Features of Intracranial Astrocytomas and Oligodendrogliomas in Dogs Astrocytomas and oligodendrogliomas represent one third of histologically confirmed canine brain tumors. Our purpose was to describe the magnetic resonance (MR) imaging features of histologically confirmed canine intracranial astrocytomas and oligodendrogliomas and to examine for MR features that differentiate these tumor types. |
| 2011/03 Magnetic Resonance Imaging Features of Discospondylitis in Dogs The diagnosis of discospondylitis is based mainly on diagnostic imaging and laboratory results. Herein, we describe the magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) findings in 13 dogs with confirmed discospondylitis. In total there were 17 sites of discospondylitis. |
| 2011/03 Magnetic Resonance Imaging Apparent Diffusion Coefficients for Histologically Confirmed Intracranial Lesions in Dogs Diffusion-weighted imaging is an advanced magnetic resonance imaging technique that is well established in the diagnosis of nonhemorrhagic infarction in people. However, recent investigations into intracranial neoplastic and inflammatory disease in people have identified variable and overlapping results. In this retrospective study of 37 dogs with histologically confirmed intracranial disease, we investigated whether histogram analysis of quantitative apparent diffusion coefficients (ADC) can differentiate specific disease processes. |
| 2011/03 Imaging Diagnosis—Magnetic Resonance Imaging Findings of Primary Cerebral Hemangioma Intracranial hemangioma is a rare intraaxial hemorrhagic neoplasm with imaging characteristics similar to other intracranial hemorrhagic lesions. We describe two canine cerebral hemangiomas that appeared as poorly circumscribed intraaxial compressive lesions that were predominantly hypointense on T2 sequences and heterogeneously contrast enhancing. |
| 2011/03 Imaging Diagnosis—Magnetic Resonance Imaging Features of Metastatic Cerebral Lymphoma in a Dog We describe histopathologically confirmed intracranial metastasis of cutaneous lymphoma. In magnetic resonance (MR) images there was a heterogeneous, contrast-enhancing, extraaxial mass in the right parietal and piriform lobes at the level of the optic chiasm. Our MR imaging findings are consistent with reports in humans in that lymphoma masses have indistinct borders that are iso- to hyperintense relative to adjacent gray matter on T2-weighted images. Our report varies from findings in humans in that the mass was extraaxial, whereas masses reported in humans are intraaxial. Contrast enhancement can be heterogeneous, as in our report, or homogeneous. |
| 2011/03 Evaluation of Magnetic Resonance Safety of Veterinary Radiofrequency Identification Devices at 1T Implants containing metallic components have the potential to become heated or move within the patient while in the magnetic resonance (MR) environment. Despite containing a ferromagnetic core and having been in use for over 20 years, no information is available on the safety of veterinary radiofrequency identification devices during MR examinations. |
| 2011/03 Determination of T1 Relaxation Time of Normal Equine Tendons Using Magic Angle Magnetic Resonance Imaging Seven isolated equine front limbs were used to establish the normal T1 relaxation time of equine superficial digital flexor tendon (SDFT), deep digital flexor tendon (DDFT), and suspensory ligament (SL) using magic angle magnetic resonance (MR) imaging. |
| 2011/01 Value of Fat Suppression in Gadolinium-Enhanced Magnetic Resonance Neuroimaging T1-weighted, gadolinium-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging is frequently used to investigate neurologic disease in small animals; however, the abundance of hyperintense adipose tissue adjacent to neural structures, particularly the cranial nerves and spinal cord, can decrease the conspicuity of contrast-enhanced tissues on T1-weighted images. For this reason, chemical fat saturation techniques are used to suppress the signal of adipose tissues, enabling improved depiction of gadolinium-enhanced structures and detection of lesions affecting the nervous system. |
| 2011/01 Ultrasonographic Findings in Horses with Foot Pain but without Radiographically Detectable Osseous Abnormalities Foot pain is an important cause of lameness in horses. When horses with foot pain have no detectable radiographic abnormalities, soft-tissue assessment remains a diagnostic challenge without magnetic resonance (MR) imaging. Ultrasonography can provide an alternative to MR imaging when that modality is not available but the extent of changes that might be seen has not been characterized. |
| 2011/01 The Appearance of the Equine Metacarpophalangeal Region on High-Field Vs. Standing Low-Field Magnetic Resonance Imaging The appearance of the equine metacarpophalangeal (MCP) joint on high-field (1.5 T) vs. low-field standing (0.27 T) magnetic resonance (MR) images was evaluated. |
| 2011/01 Pros and Cons of Low-Field Magnetic Resonance Imaging in Veterinary Practice Low-field (LF) (0.2–0.4 T) magnetic resonance (MR) imaging predominates in veterinary practice. Advantages of LF MR include reduced costs, better patient access, and greater safety. |
| 2011/01 Optimal Magnetic Resonance Imaging of the Spine Magnetic resonance (MR) imaging is generally considered to be the best imaging modality for the spine because of its excellent tissue contrast and multiplanar imaging capability; however, good technique is vital in order to avoid nondiagnostic or even misleading images. The possibility of imaging in multiple planes and using many different pulse sequences means that judgment is required in order to gain maximum diagnostic information within a reasonable scanning time. Spinal MR imaging technique for small animals is reviewed with emphasis on technical aspects including patient positioning, selection of pulse sequences, and image planes. |
| 2011/01 Optimal Magnetic Resonance Imaging of the Brain Quality magnetic resonance (MR) imaging is complex and requires optimization of many technical factors. The most important factors are: magnet field and gradient strengths, coil selection, receiver bandwidth, field of view and image matrix size, number of excitations, slice thickness, image weighting and contrast, imaging planes and the direction of the phase, and frequency gradients. |
| 2011/01 Magnetic Resonance Imaging of the Canine Brain at 3 and 7T Magnetic resonance (MR) imaging of the canine brain is commonly acquired at field strengths ranging from 0.2 to 1.5 T. Our purpose was to compare the MR image quality of the canine brain acquired at 3 vs. 7 T in dogs. |
| 2011/01 Magnetic Resonance Imaging of Intracranial Malformations in Dogs and Cats Intracranial malformations may occur because of an inherent developmental defect or secondary to in utero injury to the brain with subsequent hypoplasia and atrophy. They can cause neurologic deficits in growing animals, although some anomalies may not produce clinical signs until adulthood. |
| 2011/01 Magnetic Resonance Imaging Findings in 40 Dogs with Histologically Confirmed Intracranial Tumours Magnetic resonance (MR) images of 40 dogs with histologically confirmed primary and secondary intracranial tumours were reviewed. Forty-one tumours were diagnosed by means of MR imaging (MRI). MRI findings allowed diagnosis of a neoplastic lesion in 37/41 cases. Based on MRI features, differentiation between neoplastic and non-neoplastic lesions was possible in 24/27 (89%) primary brain tumours and in 13/14 (92%) secondary brain tumours. |
| 2011/01 Magnetic Resonance Imaging Features of Canine Intracranial Neoplasia Although histologic examination following stereotactic or surgical brain biopsy is required for definitive antemortem diagnosis of intracranial neoplasms, these tumors are often associated with magnetic resonance (MR) imaging features that warrant a presumptive or prioritized differential diagnosis. The MR imaging features of common canine central nervous system (CNS), adenohypophyseal, and metastatic intracranial neoplasms are reviewed. |
| 2011/01 Imaging the Cranial Nerves An understanding of the normal course of the cranial nerves (CN) is essential when interpreting images of patients with cranial neuropathies. CN foramina are depicted best using computed X-ray tomography, but the nerves are depicted best using magnetic resonance imaging. The function and anatomy of the CN in the dog are reviewed and selected examples of lesions affecting the CN are illustrated. |
| 2011/01 Imaging Dogs with Suspected Disc Herniation: Pros and Cons of Myelography, Computed Tomography, and Magnetic Resonance Myelography, computed tomography (CT), and magnetic resonance (MR) imaging are the diagnostic modalities currently used in the evaluation of dogs with suspected disc herniation. Where high-field MR imaging is available, it is considered the optimal modality for any myelopathy in dogs, including those with disc disease. |
| 2011/01 Growth of Clinical Veterinary Magnetic Resonance Imaging Veterinary institutions started installing magnetic resonance (MR) scanners in the 1990s. Since then, clinical use of MR has grown in parallel with the development of specialized veterinary medicine, particularly in the field of neurology, which has been transformed by MR. Similarly, the introduction of MR for horses has revolutionized diagnosis of foot lameness. |
| 2011/01 Correlating Magnetic Resonance Findings with Neuropathology and Clinical Signs in Dogs and Cats The histologic characteristics that are the basis for diagnosis of central nervous system conditions cannot be visualized directly using magnetic resonance (MR) methods, but clinical diagnosis may be based on the frequency and pattern of MR imaging signs, which represent predominantly the gross morphologic features of lesions. Additional quantitative MR measures of myelination, cell swelling, gliosis, and neuronal loss may also be used for more specific characterization of lesions. These measures include magnetization transfer ratio, apparent diffusion coefficient, and the concentrations or ratios of metabolites identified by spectroscopy. Confidence that an MR abnormality is responsible for the clinical signs depends primarily on the degree of correspondence between the site of the lesion and the neuroanatomical localization. |
| 2011/01 Contrast Enhancement of Extradural Compressive Material on Magnetic Resonance Imaging Gadolinium-enhancement of compressive extradural material is detected occasionally with magnetic resonance (MR) imaging in dogs. Our goal was to characterize contrast enhancement of extradural compressive material associated with intervertebral disc herniation, and to evaluate the association between enhancement and histopathologic findings and the onset of clinical signs. |
| 2011/01 Comparative Magnetic Resonance Imaging Findings between Gliomas and Presumed Cerebrovascular Accidents in Dog Cerebrovascular accidents, or strokes, and gliomas are common intraaxial brain lesions in dogs. An accurate differentiation of these two lesions is necessary for prognosis and treatment decisions. The magnetic resonance (MR) imaging characteristics of 21 dogs with a presumed cerebrovascular accident and 17 with a glioma were compared. |
| 2011/01 Clinical, Pathologic, and Magnetic Resonance Imaging Characteristics of Canine Disc Extrusion Accompanied by Epidural Hemorrhage or Inflammation Our aim was to characterize the magnetic resonance (MR) imaging features of canine disc extrusion accompanied by epidural hemorrhage or inflammation. |
| 2010/11 Magnetic Resonance Imaging Features of Serous Atrophy of Bone Marrow Fat in the Distal Limb of Three Horses Emaciated human patients have changes in the fat content in medullary bone that are consistent with serous atrophy of the bone marrow histologically. Serous atrophy has been identified at postmortem examination in horses; however, the magnetic resonance (MR) characteristics have not been documented. Herein we describe the abnormalities of the bone marrow and medullary bone detected by low-field and high-field MR imaging of the distal limbs of three emaciated horses. |
| 2010/11 Magnetic Resonance Imaging Features and Clinical Signs Associated with Presumptive and Confirmed Progressive Myelomalacia in Dogs: 12 Cases (1997-2008) Objective-To characterize clinical signs and findings from magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and CSF analysis for dogs with progressive myelomalacia (PM) diagnosed on the basis of clinical and histologic features. |
| 2010/11 Intracranial Magnetic Resonance Imaging Artifacts and Pseudolesions in Dogs and Cats Normal anatomic variation, study design, external factors, and tissue characteristics can all influence the manifestation of structures on magnetic resonance images (MRI). For the purpose of this review, imaging artifacts are considered to be nonpathologic abnormalities resulting from study design, intrinsic tissue characteristics, or external factors, while MRI pseudolesions are due to normal anatomic variation. |
| 2010/09 Resolution of Lesions on Stir Images Is Associated with Improved Lameness Status in Horses Magnetic resonance (MR) imaging is important in diagnosing musculoskeletal injuries in horses. However, there is still much to learn regarding the significance of lesions identified in equine MR images. Of particular importance is the clinical significance of signal change as a function of pulse sequence. We hypothesized that a resolution of tendon, ligament, and bone marrow lesions on short-tau inversion recovery (STIR) images would be associated with a return to soundness, and that a persistence of tendon and ligament lesions on only T1-weighted (T1w) gradient recalled echo (GRE) images would not be associated with persistent lameness. |
| 2010/09 Imaging Diagnosis—Nasal Septal and Laryngeal Cyst-Like Malformations in a Thoroughbred Weanling Colt Diagnosed Using Ultrasonography and Magnetic Resonance Imaging A foal was examined for abnormal upper airway noise. Endoscopically, there were narrowed nasal passages and an extralumenal mass of the cranial trachea. Using ultrasonography and magnetic resonance (MR) imaging of the larynx and cranial cervical trachea, irregular margins of the laryngeal cartilages and first tracheal ring containing areas consistent with fluid were identified. |
| 2010/07 Magnetic Resonance Imaging Features of the Temporomandibular Joint in Normal Dogs. Evaluation of the canine temporomandibular joint (TMJ) is important in the clinical diagnosis of animals presenting with dysphagia, malocclusion and jaw pain. In humans, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is the modality of choice for evaluation of the TMJ. The objectives of this study were to establish a technical protocol for performing MRI of the canine TMJ and describe the MRI anatomy and appearance of the normal canine TMJ. |
| 2010/07 MRI Features of Metacarpo(Tarso)Phalangeal Region Lameness in 40 Horses Lameness originating from the metacarpo(tarso)phalangeal (MP) joint has a significant effect on the use and athletic competitiveness of a horse. The identification of the cause of lameness originating from the MP joint can be challenging, given the limitations of radiography, ultrasonography, and nuclear scintigraphy. Our purpose was to describe the injury types and incidence in magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) studies from 40 horses with lameness attributable to the MP joint region where it was not possible to reach a clinically plausible diagnosis using other imaging modalities. |
| 2010/07 MRI Features of Gastrocnemius Musculotendinopathy in Herding Dogs |
| 2010/07 Influence of the Chemical Shift Artifact on Measurements of Compact Bone Thickness in Equine Distal Limb MR Images The effect of the chemical shift artifact, resulting from misregistration or phase cancellation at the interface between compact and trabecular bone, on apparent bone thickness was quantified in six isolated equine limbs. |
| 2010/07 Direct Magnetic Resonance Arthrography of the Canine Shoulder Our goal was to evaluate the ability of three magnetic resonance arthrography (MRA) techniques to improve visualization of soft tissue stabilizing components of the canine shoulder. |
| 2010/07 Cardiac Magnetic Resonance Imaging in Normal Dogs and Two Dogs with Heart Base Tumor We describe the technique for in vivo cardiac-gated magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in normal dogs and its application in two dogs with a large right atrial tumor. |
| 2010/05 Necrotizing Cerebellitis and Cerebellar Atrophy Caused by Neospora Caninum Infection: Magnetic Resonance Imaging and Clinicopathologic Findings in Seven Dogs Adult dogs with neosporosis can develop a variety of neurologic signs. No area of predilection within the nervous system so far has been identified in adult dogs. Neosporosis is an important cause of progressive cerebellar ataxia and cerebellar atrophy in adult dogs. |
| 2010/05 Distal Interphalangeal Articular Cartilage Assessment Using Low-Field Magnetic Resonance Imaging. The suitability of low-field magnetic resonance (MR) imaging for assessment of articular cartilage has been questioned, based on insufficient image quality. The purposes of this study were to describe the MR anatomy of the normal distal interphalangeal (DIP) cartilage, and to evaluate the sensitivity and accuracy of low-field MR imaging for identification of cartilage erosions that were created ex vivo. |
| 2010/05 Development of a Morphometric Magnetic Resonance Image Parameter Suitable for Distinguishing between Normal Dogs and Dogs with Cerebellar Atrophy Neurodegenerative diseases affect the cerebellum of numerous dog breeds. Although subjective, magnetic resonance (MR) imaging has been used to detect cerebellar atrophy in these diseases, but there are few data available on the normal size range of the cerebellum relative to other brain regions. The purpose of this study was to determine whether the size of the cerebellum maintains a consistent ratio with other brain regions in different ages and breeds of normal dogs and to define a measurement that can be used to identify cerebellar atrophy on MR images. |
| 2010/05 Comparison of Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Computed Tomography, and Radiography for Assessment of Noncartilaginous Changes in Equine Metacarpophalangeal Osteoarthritis We compared the ability of 1.5 T magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), computed tomography (CT), and computed radiography (CR) to evaluate noncartilaginous structures of the equine metacarpophalangeal joint (MCP), and the association of imaging changes with gross cartilage damage in the context of osteoarthritis. |
| 2010/03 Imaging Diagnosis--Vertebral Canal Porcupine Quill with Presumptive Secondary Arachnoid Diverticulum A 3-year-old Gordon Setter developed cervical hyperesthesia and a stiff gait. Upon magnetic resonance (MR) imaging, an arachnoid diverticulum was detected at the C1 level. Upon surgical resection, a porcupine quill was identified within the vertebral canal in the area of the cyst. At a retrospective review of the MR images, the quill appeared as a circular well-demarcated T2-hypointense lesion. Porcupine quill migrations are common in the dog but migration into the central nervous system is rare. |
| 2010/03 Imaging Diagnosis--Neuronal Ceroid Lipofuscinosis with a Chronic Subdural Hematoma A subdural hematoma was found to accompany neuronal ceroid lipofuscinosis in an 11-month-old Dachshund. Results from clinical, magnetic resonance (MR) imaging, histopathologic, ultrastructural, and molecular assessments are described. |
| 2010/03 Imaging Diagnosis--Medullary Tibial Infarction in a Horse An Andalusian Stallion with left hind limb lameness had a radiolucent lesion in the medullary cavity of distal tibial metaphysis. After euthanasia for other disease, the tibia was examined with magnetic resonance (MR). |
| 2010/03 Imaging Diagnosis--Canine Meningioangiomatosis Meningioangiomatosis is a rare proliferative disorder of the central nervous system. It occurs sporadically in dogs and is characterized by a leptomeningeal plaque that extends from the subarachnoid space along the perivascular spaces into the adjacent parenchyma. |
| 2010/03 Fat-Suppressed Spoiled Gradient-Recalled Imaging of Equine Metacarpophalangeal Articular Cartilage The purpose was to evaluate the capacity of 1.5 T magnetic resonance (MR) imaging to assess articular cartilage in racehorses with naturally occurring metacarpophalangeal joint osteoarthritis. |
| 2010/03 Dynamic Contrast-Enhanced Magnetic Resonance Imaging of Canine Brain Tumors We evaluated dynamic contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging (DCE-MRI) in canine brain tumors. Magnetic resonance data sets were collected on seven canine intracranial tumors with a 3 T magnet using a T1-weighted fast spin echo fluid attenuated inversion recovery sequence after an IV bolus injection (0.2 mmol/kg) of Gd-DTPA. The tumors were confirmed histopathologically as adenocarcinoma (n=1), ependymoma (n=1), meningioma (n=3), oligodendroglioma (n=1), and pituitary macroadenoma (n=1). |
| 2010/03 Contrast-Enhanced Magnetic Resonance Angiography for Diagnosis of Portosystemic Shunts in 10 Dogs Computed tomography angiography, sonography, scintigraphy, and portography can be used to evaluate the portal vasculature to evaluate for a portosystemic shunt (PSS). Time-of-flight magnetic resonance angiography (TOF-MRA) and contrast-enhanced MRA (CE-MRA) are other potentially useful techniques. The aim of this study was to evaluate CE-MRA in 10 dogs suspected of having a PSS. |
| 2010/01 Magnetic Resonance Signal Changes During Time in Equine Limbs Refrigerated at 4 C When ex vivo magnetic resonance (MR) imaging studies are undertaken, specimen conservation should be taken into account when interpreting MR imaging results. The purpose of this study was to assess MR changes during time in the anatomic structures of the equine digit on eight cadaver limbs stored at 4∞C. |
| 2010/01 Magic Angle Effect in Normal Collateral Ligaments of the Distal Interphalangeal Joint in Horses Imaged with a High-Field Magnetic Resonance Imaging System Distal forelimb specimens of eight skeletally mature horses were imaged using proton density turbo spin echo, T1-weighted spoiled gradient echo, T2*-weighted gradient echo, short tau inversion recovery and T2-weighted fast spin echo sequences with the limb parallel to the main magnetic field, and with angulation of the limb relative to the main magnetic field. |
| 2010/01 MRI of Brain Disease in Veterinary Patients Part 2: Acquired Brain Disorders |
| 2010/01 MRI of Brain Disease in Veterinary Patients Part 1: Basic Principles and Congenital Brain Disorders |
| 2010/01 Imaging Diagnosis-Split Cord Malformation The features of a calf with a split cord malformation are described. Clinically, there was severe cervicothoracic kyphoscoliosis and an interscapular dermal sinus associated with cerebrospinal fluid drainage. Using magnetic resonance imaging, complete duplication of the spinal cord at the cervical intumescence was detected. There was associated syringohydromyelia, multiple cervicothoracic vertebral malformations resulting in kyphoscoliosis and rachischisis, herniation of the cerebellar vermis, meningoencephalocele, and calvarial defects. |
| 2010/01 Imaging Diagnosis-Magnetic Resonance Imaging Pseudolesion Associated with the Petrous Temporal Bone Normal anatomic variation in the amount of fat within the petrous temporal bone of dogs can result in a magnetic resonance (MR) imaging pseudolesion. Focal hyperintense areas in the region of the hippocampus on T1-weighted, T2-weighted, and fluid-attenuated inversion recovery imaging sequences were noted in a dog being imaged for seizure activity. |
| 2010/01 Imaging Diagnosis-Left Retrocaval Ureter and Transposition of the Caudal Vena Cava in a Dog. Retrocaval ureter and transposition of the caudal vena cava are each, rare developmental anomalies. We describe the usefulness of static fluid magnetic resonance urography and dynamic contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance urography in the diagnosis of these anomalies. Basic techniques, benefits, and drawbacks of magnetic resonance urography are presented. |
| 2010/01 Clinical, Magnetic Resonance, and Sonographic Imaging Findings in Horses with Proximal Plantar Metatarsal Pain Sonography is commonly used for diagnosis of desmopathy of the proximal part of the suspensory ligament in horses. However, magnetic resonance (MR) imaging has been stated to be superior for detecting disease and localizing lesions. |
| 2009/12 Syringomyelia in Three Small Breed Dogs Secondary to Chiari-Like Malformation: Clinical and Diagnostic Findings Three small breed dogs were referred for the evaluation of neurologic deficits. Upon physical and neurologic examination, all dogs displayed hyperesthesia, pain, and neck stiffness. Magnetic resonance imaging was performed on the brain and spinal cord, and all three dogs presented Chiari- like malformations and syringomyelia. |
| 2009/12 Bilateral Iliopsoas Muscle Contracture and Spinous Process Impingement in a German Shepherd Dog OBJECTIVE: To report diagnosis and treatment of bilateral iliopsoas muscle contracture in a dog with spinous process impingement. STUDY DESIGN: Case report. ANIMALS: German Shepherd dog. METHODS: A dog with chronic progressive lameness, flexion contracture of the coxofemoral joints, severe pain, and decreased femoral reflexes had severe spondylosis bridging the vertebral bodies from L1 to L4 and enlarged dorsal spinous processes from T8 to L6 with impingement and bony proliferation. |
| 2009/11 Magnetic Resonance Imaging of the Canine Brain at 7-T The purpose of this study was to describe relevant canine brain structures as seen on T2-weighted images following magnetic resonance (MR) imaging at 7†T and to compare the results with imaging at 1.5 T. |
| 2009/11 Magnetic Resonance Anatomy of the Proximal Metacarpal Region of the Horse Described from Images Acquired from Low- and High-Field Magnets While low-field magnetic resonance (MR) images can provide useful information in the investigation of proximal metacarpal region pain, an in-depth knowledge of anatomy and comparison with more detailed high-field images are essential to understand the meaning of different signal intensities within tissues. |
| 2009/11 Incomplete Ossification of the Atlas in Dogs with Cervical Signs Osseous defects affecting the atlas were identified in computed tomography and magnetic resonance images of five dogs with cervical signs including pain, ataxia, tetraparesis, or tetraplegia. |
| 2009/11 Improved Identification of the Palmar Fibrocartilage of the Navicular Bone with Saline Magnetic Resonance Bursography Fibrocartilage degeneration is the earliest pathologic finding in navicular disease but remains difficult to detect, even with magnetic resonance (MR) imaging. We hypothesized that injection of the navicular bursa with saline would improve accuracy of MR imaging evaluation of palmar fibrocartilage. |
| 2009/11 Imaging Diagnosis-Magnetic Resonance Imaging of an Organizing Abscess Secondary to a Retrobulbar Grass Awn |
| 2009/09 Influence of Field Strength on Intracranial Vessel Conspicuity in Canine Magnetic Resonance Angiography Eight neurologically normal beagles were imaged using three-dimensional (3D) time-of-flight magnetic resonance angiography (MRA) in a 3†T magnetic resonance scanner. Four of the eight dogs were also imaged using a 1†T unit for comparison. |
| 2009/09 Imaging Diagnosis: Traumatic Dural Tear Diagnosed Using Intrathecal Gadopentate Dimeglumine A dog with traumatic monoplegia had a spinal cord lesion, identified using conventional magnetic resonance imaging. In addition, the intrathecal use of gadopentate dimeglumine allowed identification of two sites of cerebrospinal fluid leakage from the vertebral canal, supporting a diagnosis of brachial plexus avulsion. |
| 2009/09 Anatomic Study of Cranial Nerve Emergence and Associated Skull Foramina in Cats Using CT and MRI Magnetic resonance (MR) images of the brain of four normal cats were reviewed retrospectively to assess the emergence and course of the cranial nerves (CNs). |
| 2009/09 A Retrospective Study of the MRI Findings in 18 Dogs with Stifle Injuries OBJECTIVES: To make an objective assessment of the usefulness of magnetic resonance imaging in the diagnosis of meniscal damage and cranial cruciate ligament disease in the canine stifle by comparing magnetic resonance imaging findings with surgical findings. |
| 2009/08 Comparison of Cerebral Cranium Volumes between Cavalier King Charles Spaniels with Chiari-Like Malformation, Small Breed Dogs and Labradors OBJECTIVES: To ascertain whether cavalier King Charles spaniels (CKCSs) have a proportionately smaller caudal fossa compared with other small dogs and with Labradors. To evaluate if cerebellar herniation in CKCS correlates with caudal fossa volume. |
| 2009/08 Chiari-Like Malformation in the Griffon Bruxellois OBJECTIVES: This study describes Chiari-like malformation and syringomyelia in the Griffon Bruxellois and establishes if skull radiographs are useful for disease prediction. |
| 2009/07 Magnetic Resonance Imaging Findings in Horses with Recent Onset Navicular Syndrome but without Radiographic Abnormalities Seventy-two horses with recent onset of navicular syndrome and normal radiographs were assessed. Horses underwent magnetic resonance (MR) imaging of both front feet. All abnormalities were characterized and the most severe abnormality identified, if possible. |
| 2009/07 Magnetic Resonance Imaging Anatomy of the Normal Equine Larynx and Pharynx The purpose of the present study was to describe normal magnetic resonance (MR) imaging anatomy of the equine larynx and pharynx and to present the optimal protocol, sequences, and possible limitations of this examination technique. |
| 2009/07 Imaging Diagnosis-Necrotizing Meningomyelitis and Polyarthritis A vaccinated 2-year-old female neutered Weimaraner had bilateral pelvic limb ataxia that progressed over 12†h. The dog became nonambulatory, with signs of pain on palpation of the lumbar spine. The dog also developed multiple joint effusions. On magnetic resonance (MR) imaging, there was a diffuse, asymmetric T2-hyperintensity in the thoracolumbar spinal cord which was characterized by contrast enhancement. Lumbar cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) analysis had an elevated white blood cell count and protein. On the basis of MR images and CSF analysis, a presumptive diagnosis of diffuse myelitis was made. The dog became paraplegic and was euthanized. Postmortem examination confirmed the presence of myelitis with vasculitis and nonerosive polyarthritis. |
| 2009/07 Distal Abdominal Aortic Thrombosis Diagnosed by Three-Dimensional Contrast-Enhanced Magnetic Resonance Angiography Contrast enhanced magnetic resonance angiography (MRA) can provide noninvasive relatively rapid three-dimensional high-detailed vascular images over large anatomic areas. There are few descriptions of the use of contrast-enhanced MRA in veterinary patients. This is a report illustrating the use of contrast-enhanced MRA to localize the full extent of distal aortic, external iliac, and femoral artery thrombi confirmed surgically in four dogs. |
| 2009/07 Comparison of Computed Tomography and Magnetic Resonance Imaging for the Evaluation of Canine Intranasal Neoplasia OBJECTIVES: Canine intranasal neoplasia is commonly evaluated using computed tomography to indicate the diagnosis, to determine disease extent, to guide histological sampling location and to plan treatment. With the expanding use of magnetic resonance imaging in veterinary medicine, this modality has been recently applied for the same purpose. The aim of this study was to compare the features of canine intranasal neoplasia using computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging. |
| 2009/07 Associations between Cardiopulmonary Variables and the Cerebrospinal Fluid Signal-Void Sign in Small-Breed Dogs The cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) signal-void sign is a CSF signal loss, especially on T2-weighted magnetic resonance (MR) images. The CSF signal-void sign is often seen in small dogs with hydrocephalus and syringomyelia. |
| 2009/06 Surgical Treatment of a Canine Intranasal Meningoencephalocele OBJECTIVE: To report the clinical signs, diagnosis, and surgical treatment of an intranasal meningoencephalocele in a dog. |
| 2009/05 Use of Contrast-Enhanced Computed Tomography to Assess Angiogenesis in Deep Digital Flexor Tendonopathy in a Horse We compared contrast-enhanced computed tomography (CT) and high field magnetic resonance (MR) imaging in a horse with deep digital flexor tendonopathy. |
| 2009/05 Magnetic Resonance Imaging Features of Paraspinal Infection in the Dog and Cat The magnetic resonance (MR) imaging findings in 22 dogs and two cats with confirmed paraspinal infection of the thoracolumbar spine were characterized. |
| 2009/05 Magnetic Resonance Imaging Contrast Enhancement of the Trigeminal Nerve in Dogs without Evidence of Trigeminal Neuropathy Brain magnetic resonance images from 42 dogs imaged between 2002 and 2007 were reviewed retrospectively to establish the incidence of trigeminal nerve contrast enhancement. These dogs had otherwise normal MR images and no clinical evidence of trigeminal nerve disease. |
| 2009/05 Magnetic Resonance Imaging Characteristics of Necrotizing Meningoencephalitis in Pug Dogs The magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) characteristics of necrotizing meningoencephalitis (NME) are not well documented. To describe common MRI features of NME, to compare the MRI features to histopathologic findings, and to determine whether or not MRI lesions are predictive of survival time. |
| 2009/05 Imaging Features of Atlanto-Occipital Overlapping in Dogs The imaging features of four dogs with atlanto-occipital overlapping are described. This malformation appeared to play a role in the development of neck pain, ataxia, variable cerebellar involvement, medullary kinking, and possibly syringomyelia. |
| 2009/05 Cerebrospinal Fluid Signal-Void Sign in Dogs The cerebrospinal fluid signal-void sign is an observable signal loss from cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), especially on T2-weighted magnetic resonance (MR) images. In people, this sign is attributed to rapid CSF flow or turbulence from arterial pulsations and occurs more frequently with reduced intracranial compliance. |
| 2009/05 Black and Bright-Blood Sequences Magnetic Resonance Angiography and Gross Sections of the Canine Thorax: An Anatomical Study |
| 2009/04 Intracranial Arachnoid Cysts in Dogs Dr. Curtis Dewey, chief of the neurology section at the Cornell University Hospital for Animals, and resident David Brewer examine magnetic resonance imaging studies for evidence of an intracranial arachnoid cyst (IAC). Shih tzus are most likely to be affected by these cysts. In the article beginning, Dr. Dewey presents information on the imaging and diagnosis of IACs. |
| 2009/04 Evaluation of the Volumes of Cranial Cavities in Cavalier King Charles Spaniels with Chiari-Like Malformation and Other Brachycephalic Dogs as Measured Via Computed Tomography OBJECTIVE-To measure the absolute and relative volumes of cranial vaults of Cavalier King Charles Spaniels (CKCSs) and other brachycephalic dogs for the purpose of evaluating a possible association between the volume of the caudal fossa (fossa caudalis cerebri; CF) and existence of Chiari-like malformation (CLM) and syringohydromyelia in CKCSs. |
| 2009/03 What Is Your Diagnosis? Intracranial Mass in a Cat A 14-year-old female spayed cat was presented with a 3-4-month history of circling to the left and intermittent head pressing. Neurologic examination findings localized the lesion to the left supratentorial region. Using magnetic resonance imaging, an extra-axial mass was found on the dorsal aspect of the brain at the level of the frontal and parietal lobes, compressing and displacing the brain ventrally and caudally. |
| 2009/03 Suspected Sphenoid Bone Osteomyelitis Causing Visual Impairment in Two Dogs and One Cat OBJECTIVE: To present the clinical and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) characteristics of sphenoid bone osteomyelitis. |
| 2009/03 MR Imaging of Histiocytic Sarcoma of the Canine Brain Histiocytic sarcomas are characterized by proliferation and/or infiltration of neoplastic histiocytes localized to specific organs, unlike malignant histiocytosis which involves many organ systems. Only a few cranial histiocytic sarcomas have been reported. Here we describe four dogs that presented with neurological deficits referable to the forebrain, and were diagnosed histologically as having histiocytic sarcoma. |
| 2009/03 Comparison of Clinical, Radiographic, Computed Tomographic, and Magnetic Resonance Imaging Methods for Early Prediction of Canine Hip Laxity and Dysplasia The purpose of the study was to use two palpation methods (Bardens and Ortolani), a radiographic distraction view, three computed tomography (CT) measurements (dorsolateral subluxation score, the lateral center-edge angle, and acetabular ventroversion angle) and two magnetic resonance (MR) imaging hip studies (synovial fluid and acetabular depth indices) in the early monitoring of hip morphology and laxity in 720139 week old puppies; and in a follow-up study to compare their accuracy in predicting later hip laxity and dysplasia. |
| 2009/02 Primary Intra-Axial B-Cell Lymphoma in a Cat A 3-year-old spayed, female, domestic shorthair cat presented in the recumbent position. Clinical examination revealed decreased consciousness and ataxia. Neurological findings suggested a lesion in the forebrain and brainstem, and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of the brain was performed. |
| 2009/02 Fibrocartilaginous Embolism of the Spinal Cord Diagnosed by Characteristic Clinical Findings and Magnetic Resonance Imaging in 26 Dogs Fibrocartilaginous embolism (FCE) is a disorder of acute onset that presents with nonprogressive ataxia. We performed a retrospective examination of FCE of the spinal cord diagnosed by characteristic clinical findings and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in 26 dogs. |
| 2009/02 Clinical and Magnetic Resonance Imaging Findings in 92 Cats with Clinical Signs of Spinal Cord Disease Medical records of 92 cats presented with clinical signs of spinal cord disease, which had undergone magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), were reviewed. The cats were grouped into seven categories based upon the diagnosis suggested by results of MRI, cerebrospinal fluid analysis and other diagnostic procedures: neoplastic (n=25), inflammatory or infectious (n=13), traumatic (n=8), vascular (n=6), degenerative (n=5), anomalous (n=3) and those with an unremarkable MRI (n=32). |
| 2009/02 Association of Clinical and Magnetic Resonance Imaging Findings with Outcome in Dogs with Presumptive Acute Noncompressive Nucleus Pulposus Extrusion: 42 Cases (2000-2007) Objective-To assess associations of severity of neurologic signs (neurologic score), involvement of an intumescence, and findings of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) with interval to recovery and outcome in dogs with presumptive acute noncompressive nucleus pulposus extrusions. |
| 2009/01 Osseous Lesions in the Metacarpo(Tarso)Phalangeal Joint Diagnosed Using Low-Field Magnetic Resonance Imaging in Standing Horses We report the use of low-field standing magnetic resonance imaging in the standing horse for the diagnosis of osseous lesions in the metacarpophalangeal (MCP) or metatarsophalangeal (MTP) joint that were not apparent using standard radiography. |
| 2009/01 Morphology of the Caudal Fossa in Cavalier King Charles Spaniels Chiari malformations and syringohydromyelia are an important disease complex in Cavalier King Charles Spaniels. Although abnormalities in caudal fossa morphology are considered major contributors to the development of this disease, limited information exists on the range of morphologies in Cavalier King Charles Spaniels and on the relationship of these to clinically evident disease. |
| 2009/01 Magnetic Resonance Imaging of the Initial Active Stage of Equine Laminitis at 4.7 T Equine laminitis is a severely debilitating disease. There is a poor understanding of the underlying pathophysiology, and traditional imaging modalities have limited diagnostic capacity. High field strength magnetic resonance (MR) imaging allows direct visualization of the laminae, which other modalities do not. This would prove useful both in assessment of clinical patients and in further investigation into the pathophysiology of the disease. The objective of this study was to characterize the anatomic changes within the equine foot associated with the initial active stage of laminitis. |
| 2009/01 Magnetic Resonance Imaging Findings of Desmopathy of the Collateral Ligaments of the Equine Distal Interphalangeal Joint We report the use of a low-field magnetic resonance (MR) imaging system for the detection of desmopathy of the collateral ligament of the distal interphalangeal joint and the long-term outcome. |
| 2009/01 Characterization of the Magic Angle Effect in the Equine Deep Digital Flexor Tendon Using a Low-Field Magnetic Resonance System. Three isolated equine limbs were imaged with a low-field magnetic resonance system with a vertical magnetic field. Each limb was scanned in multiple positions with mild variation of the angle between the magnetic field and the long axis of the limb. When the long axis of the limb was not perpendicular to the magnetic field, a linear hyperintense signal was present at the palmar aspect of one of the deep digital flexor tendon lobes, at the level of the navicular bone and collateral sesamoidean ligaments, in proton density and T1-weighted pulse sequences. |
| 2008/12 Measurement of Brain Trace Elements in a Dog with a Portosystemic Shunt: Relation between Hyperintensity on T1-Weighted Magnetic Resonance Images in Lentiform Nuclei and Brain Trace Elements Prior to euthanasia, brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) was performed for a five-year-old male Yorkshire Terrier following portosystemic shunt (PSS) surgical attenuation. Hyperintensity was observed on T1W images of the lentiform nuclei. Trace elements in this area were measured by inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectrometry. The manganese concentration in the lentiform nuclei was four times higher than that in the control group. Therefore, the manganese accumulation would be the substance that causes the hyperintensity on T1W images of the lentiform nuclei in PSS dogs. |
| 2008/11 Positron Emission Tomography Features of Canine Necrotizing Meningoencephalitis A Yorkshire terrier and a Chihuahua were referred for acute onset, generalized tonic-clonic seizures and were suspected to have meningoencephalitis based on magnetic resonance (MR) imaging findings. Brain lesions appeared hyperintense with T2-weighted imaging and hypointense with T1-weighted imaging, and were characteristic of necrotizing meningoencephalitis. |
| 2008/11 Magnetic Resonance Imaging of the Canine Optic Nerve We describe the magnetic resonance (MR) imaging aspects of normal canine optic nerve, the diameter of the optic nerve as measured on MR images, and optimal MR sequences for the evaluation of the optic nerve using a 0.2†T MR unit. |
| 2008/11 Magnetic Resonance Imaging of Distal Sesamoidean Ligament Injury Distal sesamoidean ligament injury is a recognized cause of lameness but diagnosis using ultrasonography is sometimes difficult. Herein, we describe the normal appearance of the distal sesamoidean ligaments on magnetic resonance (MR) images and the changes that occur when the ligaments are injured. |
| 2008/11 Is a Magic Angle Effect Observed in the Collateral Ligaments of the Distal Interphalangeal Joint or the Oblique Sesamoidean Ligaments During Standing Magnetic Resonance Imaging? Collagen fibers oriented at 55∞ to the static magnetic field (B0) are characterized by an artifactual increase in signal intensity due to the magic angle effect. We hypothesized that there would be increased signal intensity in the collateral ligaments of the distal interphalangeal joint and oblique sesamoidean ligaments when these ligaments were at angles approaching 55∞ to a horizontal B0 during standing magnetic resonance (MR) imaging. |
| 2008/11 Effect of Positioning, Scan Plane, and Arthrography on Visibility of Periarticular Canine Shoulder Soft Tissue Structures on Magnetic Resonance Images This study was performed to determine the effect of shoulder extension and flexion, imaging plane, and intra-articular paramagnetic contrast medium administration on the visibility of soft tissue structures surrounding the canine shoulder joint using magnetic resonance (MR) imaging. |
| 2008/10 Magnetic Resonance Imaging of Bone Marrow in the Pelvis and Femur of Young Dogs The purpose of this study was to determine the magnetic resonance (MR) imaging characteristics of bone marrow in the pelvis and femur of normal, young dogs. |
| 2008/10 Magnetic Resonance Imaging Findings in Dogs with Confirmed Shoulder Pathology OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the diagnostic potential of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) compared with a reference standard, arthroscopic and/or open surgery, in dogs with soft tissue shoulder pathology. |
| 2008/10 Comparison of Ultrasound, Computed Tomography, and Magnetic Resonance Imaging in Detection of Acute Wooden Foreign Bodies in the Canine Manus We evaluated the diagnostic sensitivity of ultrasound, nonenhanced computed tomography (CT) and nonenhanced magnetic resonance (MR) imaging in detecting wooden foreign bodies in the canine manus. |
| 2008/09 Ultrasonographic Appearance of the Craniocervical Junction in Normal Brachycephalic Dogs and Dogs with Caudal Occipital (Chiari-Like) Malformation Ultrasonographic evaluation of the spine, especially of the spinal cord, has been rarely reported in dogs. The atlanto-occipital junction provides a small acoustic window through which examination of the craniocervical transition can be performed. Normal sonographic findings of this region in 10 normal brachycephalic dogs are presented and compared with sonographic findings from 25 Cavalier King Charles Spaniels with the caudal occipital malformation syndrome. |
| 2008/09 Progressive Myelopathy Due to a Spontaneous Intramedullary Hematoma in a Dog: Pre- and Postoperative Clinical and Magnetic Resonance Imaging Follow-Up A 4-year-old, male Jack Russell terrier was presented for a 6-month history of progressive right hemiparesis with episodic cervical hyperesthesia. The neurological examination showed a right-sided, upper motoneuron syndrome and partial Horner's syndrome. Two magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) examinations were performed 3 months apart and revealed a persistent cervical intramedullary hematoma. |
| 2008/09 Magnetic Resonance Imaging in the Diagnosis of Type 1 Dermoid Sinus in Two Rhodesian Ridgeback Dogs Two cases of type 1 dermoid sinus in Rhodesian ridgebacks are described, with emphasis on the use of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in the diagnosis and delineation of the lesions. Magnetic resonance imaging was useful in identifying fluid-filled structures, fibrous capsules, and sinus tracts, but was not able to identify the termination of the tracts. |
| 2008/09 Magnetic Resonance Imaging Findings of Spinal Intramedullary Spirocercosis Spirocerca lupi is a nematode infecting dogs in tropical and subtropical areas. Aberrant S. lupi migration to different body organs, including the spinal cord, has been documented. To date, the diagnosis of aberrant spinal cord migration was made at post-mortem examination or as an incidental finding, during spinal surgery. We describe two dogs with acute asymmetric paraparesis that were subsequently diagnosed with spinal cord spirocercosis. |
| 2008/09 Magnetic Resonance Imaging Findings in Histologically Confirmed Pug Dog Encephalitis The purpose of the study was to describe magnetic resonance (MR) imaging features of histologically confirmed necrotizing encephalitis in four Pugs and to compare those findings with MR imaging characteristics of necrotizing encephalitis in other breeds. |
| 2008/09 Imaging Diagnosis-Cervical Spine Chondroma in a Dog An extradural chondroma originating in the cervical spine was diagnosed in an 8-year-old, intact male Chow-Chow that presented acute cervical pain and chronic right thoracic limb lameness. Myelographic images were within normal limits. With magnetic resonance (MR) imaging, an extradural mass was identified at the level of the C4-C5 vertebrae. This mass was excised, and the histologic diagnosis was chondroma. |
| 2008/09 Iatrogenic Brainstem Injury During Cerebellomedullary Cistern Puncture Cerebrospinal fluid collection is fundamental to the investigation of central nervous system disorders although it carries potential risks. Herein we report the clinical signs and magnetic resonance (MR) imaging findings associated with needle injury to the brainstem during cerebellomedullary cistern puncture in four dogs. |
| 2008/09 Diagnostic Accuracy of Magnetic Resonance Imaging for Meniscal Tears in Dogs Affected with Naturally Occuring Cranial Cruciate Ligament Rupture A stifle magnetic resonance (MR) imaging protocol was developed based on the appearance of the cruciate ligaments and menisci in normal dogs. Proton density images were subjectively considered to have the highest likelihood of detecting a meniscal lesion. Following this initial evaluation, the accuracy of high-field MR imaging to detect meniscal tears in dogs was evaluated in 11 dogs suffering from naturally occurring cranial cruciate ligament rupture. |
| 2008/09 Chiari-Like Malformation and Syringomyelia in Normal Cavalier King Charles Spaniels: A Multiple Diagnostic Imaging Approach OBJECTIVES: The objectives of the study were (1) to report the incidence of Chiari-like malformation and syringomyelia in a normal French cavalier King Charles spaniel breeding population; (2) to precise the standard computed tomography dimensions of the caudal fossa and (3) to investigate the use of ultrasonography in diagnosis of this syndrome. |
| 2008/08 Sequential Magnetic Resonance Imaging Changes after Suspected Global Brain Ischaemia in a Dog Sequential magnetic resonance imaging studies over a period of 18 months were performed in a two-year-old pug dog after suspected global brain ischaemia following an anaesthetic accident. The dog was presented with seizures and neurological deficits consistent with a left brainstem and multifocal/diffuse forebrain lesion after an asymptomatic interval of 72 hours following the ischaemic event. |
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2008/07 |
| 2008/06 Association of Magnetic Resonance Imaging Findings and Histologic Diagnosis in Dogs with Nasal Disease: 78 Cases (2001-2004) OBJECTIVE-To determine whether magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) features correlated with histologic diagnosis in dogs with nasal disease. |
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2008/05 |
| 2008/05 Necrotizing Meningoencephalitis in Five Chihuahua Dogs An acute to chronic idiopathic necrotizing meningoencephalitis was diagnosed in 5 Chihuahua dogs aged between 1.5 and 10 years. Presenting neurologic signs included seizures, blindness, mentation changes, and postural deficits occurring from 5 days to 5.5 months prior to presentation. Cerebrospinal fluid analyses from 2 of 3 dogs sampled were consistent with an inflammatory disease. Magnetic resonance imaging of the brain of 2 dogs demonstrated multifocal loss or collapse of cortical gray/white matter demarcation hypointense on T1-weighted images, with T2-weighted hyperintensity and slight postcontrast enhancement. |
| 2008/05 Magnetic Resonance Imaging of the Normal Canine Thyroid Gland The magnetic resonance (MR) imaging features of the normal canine thyroid gland were retrospectively compiled from images acquired in 44 dogs presented for a variety of diseases unrelated to the thyroid gland. The appearance of the thyroid gland on different sequences, including pre- and postcontrast T1-weighted, T2-weighted, two-dimensional gradient echo, three-dimensional T2*-weighted gradient echo and proton density weighted images, were described in different image planes. |
| 2008/03 Clinical Anatomy of the Canine Brain Using Magnetic Resonance Imaging The purpose of this study was to produce an magnetic resonance (MR) image atlas of clinically relevant brain anatomy and to relate this neuroanatomy to clinical signs. The brain of a large mixed breed dog was imaged in transverse, sagittal, and dorsal planes using a 1.5†T MR unit and the following pulse sequences: Turbo (fast) spin echo (TSE) T2, T1, and T2- weighted spatial and chemical shift-encoded excitation sequence. Relevant neuroanatomic structures were identified using anatomic texts, sectioned cadaver heads, and previously published atlases. Major subdivisions of the brain were mapped and the neurologic signs of lesions in these divisions were described. TSE T2-weighted images were found to be the most useful for identifying clinically relevant neuroanatomy. Relating clinical signs to morphology as seen on MR will assist veterinarians to better understand clinically relevant neuroanatomy in MR images. |
| 2008/03 Association of Preoperative Magnetic Resonance Imaging Findings with Surgical Features in Dachshunds with Thoracolumbar Intervertebral Disk Extrusion OBJECTIVE:To evaluate the accuracy of specific magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) sequences in determining the site, lateralization, and extent of extruded intervertebral disk material (EIDM), compared with surgical findings, in Dachshunds with thoracolumbar intervertebral disk extrusion (TLIDE). |
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2008/01 |
| 2007/11 Magnetic Resonance Imaging Features of Proximal Metacarpal and Metatarsal Injuries in the Horse Magnetic resonance (MR) imaging abnormalities in horses with lameness localized to the proximal metacarpal or metatarsal region have not been described. |
| 2007/11 Comparison of Magnetic Resonance Contrast Arthrography and Arthroscopic Anatomy of the Equine Palmar Lateral Outpouching of the Middle Carpal Joint The objective of this report was to provide an anatomic description of the equine palmar lateral outpouching of the middle carpal joint by comparing its arthroscopic and magnetic resonance (MR) contrast arthrography appearance and to define the structures within the palmar lateral outpouching of the middle carpal joint that can be assessed arthroscopically. |
| 2007/09 Magnetic Resonance Imaging Features of Orbital Inflammation with Intracranial Extension in Four Dogs This retrospective study describes the clinical and magnetic resonance (MR) imaging features of chronic orbital inflammation with intracranial extension in four dogs (two Dachshunds, one Labrador, one Swiss Mountain). |
| 2007/09 Imaging Diagnosis-Degenerative Intraspinal Cyst Associated with an Intervertebral Disc A 6-year-old neutered male Rottweiler had chronic episodic signs of thoracolumbar pain and inability to stand that did not improve after rest and nonsteroidal antiinflammatory medication. In magnetic resonance images, an extradural mass was identified between the spinal cord and the T13/L1 intervertebral disc; the mass was compressing the cord in a dorsoventral direction. The lesion had a low signal intensity rim that enhanced slightly after gadolinium administration, and contents with similar signal intensity to cerebrospinal fluid. The lesion was removed surgically by severing its attachments to the annulus fibrosus. The histologic diagnosis was degenerative intraspinal cyst. The origin of such cysts, and their relationship to synovial and ganglion cysts is discussed. |
| 2007/09 Clinical and Magnetic Resonance Imaging Characteristics of Quadrigeminal Cysts in Dogs BACKGROUND: Quadrigeminal cysts (QC) are the most common intracranial intra-arachnoid cysts in dogs, primarily affecting small breeds. Clinical significance is controversial. |
| 2007/08 Syringomyelia in Cavalier King Charles Spaniels: The Relationship between Syrinx Dimensions and Pain OBJECTIVES: This study was designed to test the hypothesis that pain associated with syringomyelia in dogs is dependent upon size and involvement of the dorsal part of the spinal cord. |
| 2007/08 Noninfectious Inflammatory Central Nervous System Diseases in Dogs Inflammatory diseases of the central nervous system are often challenging to diagnose. Necrotizing meningoencephalitis, necrotizing leukoencephalitis, and granulomatous meningoencephalomyelitis have characteristic locations of lesions on histopathologic examination and, therefore, characteristic findings from advanced imaging. |
| 2007/08 Magnetic Resonance Imaging and Pathological Findings in a Case of Canine Idiopathic Eosinophilic Meningoencephalitis A case of idiopathic eosinophilic meningoencephalitis in a six-month-old male Maremma shepherd dog is reported. |
| 2007/08 Magnetic Resonance Imaging - Unravelling the Mystery |
| 2007/08 Intracranial Empyema: Literature Review and Two Novel Cases in Cats OBJECTIVES: To review the literature on intracranial empyema and report two new cases in cats. |
| 2007/08 Cerebellar Cortical Degeneration with Selective Granule Cell Loss in Bavarian Mountain Dogs Three Bavarian mountain dogs aged between 18 and 20 months, not related to each other, were presented with chronic signs of cerebellar dysfunction. On sagittal T2-weighted magnetic resonance imaging brain images, the tentative diagnosis of cerebellar hypoplasia was established based on an enlarged cerebrospinal fluid space around the cerebellum and an increased cerebrospinal fluid signal between the folia. |
| 2007/07 One-Year Clinical and Magnetic Resonance Imaging Follow-up of Doberman Pinschers with Cervical Spondylomyelopathy Treated Medically or Surgically OBJECTIVE: To evaluate progression of clinical signs and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) findings in dogs with cervical spondylomyelopathy (wobbler syndrome) treated medically or surgically. |
| 2007/07 Magnetic Resonance Imaging Features of Oblique and Straight Distal Sesamoidean Desmitis in 27 Horses Injury to the oblique and straight distal sesamoidean ligaments is becoming recognized as a more common cause of lameness in horses than was previously thought. The purpose of this study was to review the magnetic resonance (MR) imaging findings of 27 horses affected with desmitis of the oblique and/or straight distal sesamoidean ligament and determine long-term prognosis for horses with this diagnosis. |
| 2007/07 Foramen Magnum Decompression with Cranioplasty for Treatment of Caudal Occipital Malformation Syndrome in Dogs OBJECTIVES: To describe a cranioplasty procedure used in conjunction with foramen magnum decompression (FMD) for the treatment of canine caudal occipital malformation syndrome (COMS), and to evaluate the clinical outcome. |
| 2007/07 Craniotomy with Cystoperitoneal Shunting for Treatment of Intracranial Arachnoid Cysts in Dogs OBJECTIVE: To describe a technique of decompressive craniotomy with cystoperitoneal shunt (CPS) placement for treatment of canine intracranial arachnoid cyst (IAC), and to evaluate outcome in 4 dogs. |
| 2007/07 Chiari-Like Malformation with Syringomyelia in the Cavalier King Charles Spaniel: Long-Term Outcome after Surgical Management OBJECTIVE: To evaluate long-term success of cranial cervical decompression for management of canine Chiari-like malformation with syringomyelia (CM/SM). STUDY DESIGN: Retrospective clinical study. |
| 2007/06 Necrotising Encephalitis in a French Bulldog A 20-month-old, female French bulldog was presented with a three-month history of generalised seizures and progressive ataxia with occasional falling over on either side. Neurological examination revealed signs, suggesting a multifocal intracranial lesion. Magnetic resonance imaging of the brain revealed two connected lesions on the left side of the caudal brainstem and a further lesion in the cerebrum. The dog was euthanased, and histopathological examination revealed lesions which closely resembled those of necrotising encephalitis in Yorkshire terriers. This is the first case describing this type of necrotising encephalitis in a French bulldog. |
| 2007/05 Development of a Whole Body Magnetic Resonance Imaging Protocol in Normal Dogs and Canine Cancer Patients Whole body magnetic resonance imaging (whole body MR imaging) could potentially provide accurate cancer staging as a single imaging modality. This study was done to develop a whole body MR imaging protocol for a 1.5†T MR instrument using four normal Beagle dogs (Phase I) and then to assess the protocol's feasibility in cancer-bearing dogs (Phase II). |
| 2007/05 Comparison of Isodose Distributions in Canine Brain in Heterogeneity-Corrected Versus Uncorrected Treatment Plans Using 6&Nbsp;Mv Photons Magnetic resonance (MR) images may be useful for radiation planning due to greater contrast resolution. One disadvantage of MR images for radiation planning is the inability to incorporate electron density information into the dose calculation algorithm. |
| 2007/04 Multiple Metastases of Thyroid Cancer in the Cranium and Pituitary Gland in Two Dogs Two dogs, a 14-year-old, female American Eskimo dog and a 14-year-old, male Maltese dog, were presented with thalamic syndromes, including lowered levels of consciousness, poor postural responses and presence of masses in the neck region. In both dogs, magnetic resonance imaging revealed multiple masses inside the cranium, including the pituitary gland. One dog died from status epilepticus two days after magnetic resonance imaging and the other died two months after magnetic resonance imaging from respiratory failure. These dogs were histopathologically diagnosed with multiple metastases of thyroid cancer occurring inside the cranium, including the pituitary gland. To the authors' knowledge, this is the first time this tumour pattern has been reported in dogs, but it is possible that it is not uncommon. |
| 2007/03 Magnetic Resonance Imaging of Acquired Trigeminal Nerve Disorders in Six Dogs The medical records and magnetic resonance (MR) images of dogs with an acquired trigeminal nerve disorder were reviewed retrospectively. |
| 2007/03 Asymmetric Signal Intensity in Normal Collateral Ligaments of the Distal Interphalangeal Joint in Horses with a Low-Field Mri System Due to the Magic Angle Effect Increased signal intensity in one of the collateral ligaments of the distal interphalangeal (DIP) joint of sound horses in images acquired using a low-field magnet with vertical orientation of the magnetic field was investigated as a possible manifestation of the magic angle effect. |
| 2007/02 Magnetic Resonance Imaging Features of Thiamine Deficiency in a Cat |
| 2007/01 Tertiary Hypothyroidism in a Dog : A nine-year-old male entire Labrador was diagnosed with pituitary dependent hyperadrenocorticism. Following seven months of successful mitotane therapy, the dog presented with marked weight gain, seborrhoea and alopecia. Routine clinicopathological analyses revealed marked hypercholesterolaemia. |
| 2007/01 Magnetic Resonance Imaging Characteristics of Peripheral Nerve Sheath Tumors of the Canine Brachial Plexus in 18 Dogs Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) examinations from 18 dogs with a histologically confirmed peripheral nerve sheath tumor (PNST) of the brachial plexus were assessed retrospectively. |
| 2007/01 Imaging Diagnosis-Infiltrative Lipoma Causing Spinal Cord Compression in a Dog An 11-year-old, 43†kg neutered female Labrador retriever dog developed acute pelvic limb paraparesis. In magnetic resonance images there was a T1- and T2-hyperintense extradural at the fifth thoracic intervertebral space that was causing marked compression of the spinal cord. |
| 2006/12 Magnetic Resonance Imaging of the Canine Shoulder: An Anatomic Study OBJECTIVES: To describe the normal anatomy of the soft tissue stabilizing components of the canine shoulder identified by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and to evaluate specific acquisition sequences and planes for observing structures of diagnostic interest. |
| 2006/11 Subfascial Seroma Causing Compressive Myelopathy after Cervical Dorsal Laminectomy Dorsal surgical approach to the cervical vertebral canal is indicated for a variety of spinal cord diseases. Compressive myelopathy due to subfascial seroma following dorsal laminectomy has not previously been documented in dogs. We describe neurologic findings, magnetic resonance (MR) imaging characteristics and clinical outcome in a young Rottweiler experiencing this complication after a successful dorsal decompression for treatment of cervical stenotic myelopathy. MR imaging allowed detection of pockets of high signal intensity material on T2-weighted images and low signal intensity in T1-weighted images. Prompt surgical revision and drainage allowed complete recovery. |
| 2006/11 Magnetic Resonance Imaging Features of Presumed Normal Head and Neck Lymph Nodes in Dogs To document the magnetic resonance imaging appearance of presumed normal lymph nodes of the head and neck in the dog, 91 studies of dogs with no detectable disease in the head acquired on a low-field unit were reviewed. |
| 2006/11 Low-Field MRI and Arthroscopy of Meniscal Lesions in Ten Dogs with Experimentally Induced Cranial Cruciate Ligament Insufficiency Little is known about the magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) appearance of canine meniscal lesions. The aim of this study is to describe the MR appearance of meniscal lesions in dogs with experimentally induced cranial cruciate ligament (CCL) deficiency. |
| 2006/11 Image Fusion of Computed Tomographic and Magnetic Resonance Images for the Development of a Three-Dimensional Musculoskeletal Model of the Equine Forelimb Biomechanical models that compute the lengths and forces of muscle tendon units are broadly applicable to the study of factors that promote injury and the planning and effects of orthopedic surgical procedures in equine athletes. A three-dimensional (3D) generic musculoskeletal model of the equine forelimb comprised of bony segment, muscle tendon, and ligament information, was developed based on high-resolution computed tomographic (CT) and T1-weighted magnetic resonance (MR) images from an isolated forelimb of a Thoroughbred racehorse. |
| 2006/11 Comparison of Magnetic Resonance Imaging and Myelography in 18 Doberman Pinscher Dogs with Cervical Spondylomyelopathy Eighteen Doberman pinscher dogs with clinical signs of cervical spondylomyelopathy (wobbler syndrome) underwent cervical myelography and magnetic resonance (MR) imaging. Cervical myelography was performed using iohexol, followed by lateral and ventrodorsal radiographs. Traction myelography was performed using a cervical harness exerting 9†kg of linear traction. MR imaging was performed in sagittal, transverse, and dorsal planes using a 1.5†T magnet with the spine in neutral and traction positions. Three reviewers independently evaluated the myelographic and MR images to determine the most extensive lesion and whether the lesion was static or dynamic. |
| 2006/10 Coexistence of Occipital Dysplasia and Occipital Hypoplasia/Syringomyelia in the Cavalier King Charles Spaniel Concurrent occurrence of occipital dysplasia and occipital hypoplasia in two dogs is described in this report. Occipital hypoplasia results in reduced volume of the caudal fossa, leading to overcrowding of the neural structures and, in severe cases, development of syringomyelia. In occipital dysplasia, there is a failure of complete ossification of the supraoccipital bone. When the two conditions occur concurrently, it is possible that syringomyelia may develop more slowly, resulting in presentation with clinical signs in middle to old age. This has implications for screening tests for early detection of syringomyelia, with a view to using the dog for breeding purposes, as dogs with an apparently mild phenotype for occipital hypoplasia/syringomyelia may actually have a more severe genotype. |
| 2006/09 Magnetic Resonance Imaging Appearance of the Cisterna Chyli Thoracolumbar spinal magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) examinations in dogs frequently include the region of the cisterna chyli within the field of view. It is important to be aware of the appearance and location of this structure to avoid confusing it for a pathologic periaortic lesion. |
| 2006/09 Comparison of Radiography and Magnetic Resonance Imaging for Evaluating the Extent of Nasal Neoplasia in Dogs OBJECTIVES: Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is increasingly used in veterinary practice and, in some centres, is part of the diagnostic work-up of small animals with nasal disease. However, there are no published studies which critically evaluate the use of magnetic resonance imaging for this purpose. The purpose of this work was to assess the changes seen using magnetic resonance imaging and to compare them with radiography. |
| 2006/07 Ventricular Ependymoma in a German Shepherd Dog Using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) together with clinical, pathomorphological and immunohistological methods, a ependymoma is described in a 9-year-old German Shepherd dog, which presented with behavioural and oculocephalic responses and generalised ataxia. The ependymoma, 9 x 6 x 5mm in size, was localised intra-axially in the right interventricular foramen and hydrocephalus was observed by MRI. Microscopically, the tumour was composed of pseudorosettes, and immunohistochemical examination revealed vimentin and glial fibrillary acidic protein immunoreactivity in the neoplastic cells. |
| 2006/07 Magnetic Resonance Imaging Findings in a Dog with Caudal Aortic Thromboembolism and Ischemic Myopathy |
| 2006/06 What Is Your Diagnosis? Mass Originating from the Pituitary Fossa |
| 2006/05 Vascular Anomaly Causing Subclavian Steal and Cervical Myelopathy in a Dog: Diagnosis and Endovascular Management A 3-year-old dog with cervical myelopathy resulting from a vascular anomaly is described. Marked intradural-extramedullary spinal cord compression was observed, in association with multilevel ectatic anastomotic radicular arterial branches connecting the left and right vertebral arteries. |
| 2006/05 Value of a Single-Shot Turbo Spin-Echo Pulse Sequence for Assessing the Architecture of the Subarachnoid Space and the Constitutive Nature of Cerebrospinal Fluid Three case history reports are presented to illustrate the value of the single-shot turbo spin-echo pulse sequence for assessment of the subarachnoid space. The use of the single-shot turbo spin-echo pulse sequence, which is a heavily T2-weighted sequence, allows for a rapid, noninvasive evaluation of the subarachnoid space by using the high signal from cerebrospinal fluid. |
| 2006/05 Syringomyelia: Current Concepts in Pathogenesis, Diagnosis, and Treatment. Syringomyelia is a condition that results in fluid-containing cavities within the parenchyma of the spinal cord as a consequence of altered cerebrospinal fluid dynamics. This review discusses the history and the classification of the disorder, the current theories of pathogenesis, and the advanced imaging modalities used in the diagnosis. |
| 2006/05 Magnetic Resonance Imaging and Pathologic Findings Associated with Necrotizing Encephalitis in Two Yorkshire Terriers Two young adult Yorkshire terriers had neurologic signs consistent with forebrain and brainstem involvement or forebrain involvement alone. On magnetic resonance imaging studies there were asymmetric bilateral lesions mainly in the cerebral cortex, and in the diencephalon. These areas were hyperintense on T2-weighted and FLAIR images, but hypointense or isointense on T1-weighted images. Lesions had a varying degree of contrast enhancement. Areas which were isointense on T1-weighted images had no contrast enhancement or only foci of contrast enhancement. Lesions with hypointensity in T1-weighted images had no enhancement or more frequently ring-like enhancement around the lesion. Necrotizing encephalitis was confirmed pathohistologically in both dogs. The degree of contrast enhancement appeared to be related to the degree of lymphohistiocytic inflammation on histologic examination. |
| 2006/05 Comparison of Conventional Spin-Echo and Fast Spin-Echo Magnetic Resonance Imaging in the Canine Brain T2-weighted fast spin echo and conventional spin echo are two magnetic resonance (MR) pulse sequences used to image the brain. Given the same scan parameters the resolution of fast spin-echo images will be inferior to that of conventional spin-echo images. However, fast spin-echo images can be acquired in a shorter time allowing scan parameters to be optimized for increased resolution without increasing the time to an unacceptable level. |
| 2006/05 Clinical Signs, Magnetic Resonance Imaging Features, and Outcome after Surgical and Medical Treatment of Otogenic Intracranial Infection in 11 Cats and 4 Dogs Brainstem dysfunction resulting from central extension of infection is a life-threatening complication of otitis media/interna (OMI) that has been described infrequently in dogs and cats. We review the clinical signs of disease, diagnostic findings, and results of surgical and medical treatments of brainstem disease attributable to otogenic intracranial infection in cats and dogs. |
| 2006/05 Canine Intracranial Primary Neoplasia: 173 Cases (1986-2003) This study investigates the clinical and pathologic findings associated with 173 primary brain tumors in our hospital population of dogs that presented between the years 1986 and 2002. |
| 2006/05 Canine Chronic Inflammatory Rhinitis Chronic inflammatory rhinitis is commonly found in dogs with chronic nasal disease and is characterized by lymphoplasmacytic infiltrates in the nasal mucosa in the absence of an obvious etiologic process. |
| 2006/03 Sequential Magnetic Resonance Imaging of an Intracranial Hematoma in a Dog An 8-year-old Yorkshire terrier developed acute onset coma and seizure after cranial trauma. Intracranial hemorrhage was suspected from the clinical signs and history. |
| 2006/02 Femoral Neuropathy in a Dog with Iliopsoas Muscle Injury OBJECTIVE: To report femoral nerve dysfunction caused by focal iliopsoas muscle injury and treated by performing tenectomy of the muscle insertion. |
| 2006/02 Bilateral, Hypertrophic Neuritis of the Brachial Plexus in a Cat: Magnetic Resonance Imaging and Pathological Findings A 9-year-old Burmese cat was presented for investigation of a subacute onset of bilateral forelimb paresis. Magnetic resonance imaging of the cervico-thoracic vertebral column and brachial plexus revealed a bilaterally symmetrical, severe and diffuse swelling of the spinal nerves forming the caudal part of the brachial plexus. |
| 2006/01 Magnetic Resonance Imaging Characteristics of the Foot in Horses with Palmar Foot Pain and Control Horses Palmar foot pain is a common cause of lameness. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) has the potential to detect damage in all tissues of the equine foot, but an understanding of the differences in magnetic resonance (MR) images between feet from horses with and without palmar foot pain is required. This study aimed to describe MR findings in feet from horses with no history of foot-related lameness, and to compare these with MR findings in horses with lameness improved by palmar digital local analgesia. |
| 2006/01 Magnetic Resonance Imaging Characteristics of Ascending Hemorrhagic Myelomalacia in a Dog A 4-year-old neutered female terrier-cross was evaluated for an acute onset of paraplegia. Utilizing magnetic resonance (MR) imaging, the cause of the neurologic deficits was determined to be a lumbar intervertebral disc extrusion. The MR study additionally demonstrated parenchymal hyperintensity on T2-weighted images and similarly located diffuse hypointensity on gradient echo images, cranial and caudal to the compressive extradural lesion. Hemorrhagic myelomalacia was suspected based on these MR characteristics, which was subsequently confirmed surgically and histopathologically. |
| 2006/01 Intraoperative Spinal Ultrasonography in Two Dogs with Spinal Disease Ultrasonography was performed during spinal surgery on two dogs that were suspected of having intramedullary lesions by myelography and magnetic resonance imaging. |
| 2006/01 How Does Magnetic Resonance Imaging Represent Histologic Findings in the Equine Digit? Magnetic resonance (MR) imaging is increasingly used in the diagnosis of equine foot pain, but improved understanding of how MR images represent tissue-level changes in the equine foot is required. We hypothesized that alterations in signal intensity and tissue contour would represent changes in tissue structure detected using histologic evaluation. The study objectives were to determine the significance of MR signal alterations in feet from horses with and without lameness, by comparison with histopathologic changes. |
| 2006/01 Calvarial Hyperostosis Syndrome in Two Bullmastiffs Two bullmastiffs with calvarial hyperostosis syndrome are described and are the first documented examples in females. |
| 2005/12 Fecal Incontinence and Spinal Cord Abnormalities in Seven Dogs Seven dogs with fecal incontinence and abnormal gaits were evaluated. Fecal incontinence was characterized as defecation of normal stools without posturing. Duration of clinical signs prior to evaluation ranged from 5 months to 3 years. Five dogs had upper motor neuron (UMN) paraparesis, and 2 dogs had UMN tetraparesis. With magnetic resonance imaging, spinal cord abnormalities primarily involving the dorsal aspect of the spinal cord were identified in all dogs. |
| 2005/11 Ultrasonographic Evaluation of Brachial Plexus Tumors in Five Dogs Five dogs with unilateral thoracic limb lameness, neurologic deficits, muscle atrophy, and pain, or a combination of these signs, were examined using ultrasonograghy. Large, hypoechoic tubular masses that displaced vessels and destroyed the normal architecture were found in each dog. The affected axilla of each patient was then imaged with computed tomography or magnetic resonance to fully assess the extent of the masses. We describe the use of ultrasound in screening patients for brachial plexus tumors. |
| 2005/11 Subdural Hematoma of the Brainstem in a Dog: Magnetic Resonance Findings and Treatment An 8-year-old, spayed female Dalmatian with a history of seizures was evaluated for cervical pain and bilateral scleral hemorrhages. Diagnostic evaluations revealed a mass displacing the ventral brainstem on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). |
| 2005/11 Prognostic Value of Magnetic Resonance Imaging in Dogs with Paraplegia Caused by Thoracolumbar Intervertebral Disk Extrusion: 77 Cases (2000-2003) OBJECTIVE: To determine whether magnetic resonance imaging findings in dogs with paraplegia caused by thoracolumbar intervertebral disk extrusion were predictive of clinical outcome. |
| 2005/11 Measurement of Interthalamic Adhesion Thickness as a Criteria for Brain Atrophy in Dogs with and without Cognitive Dysfunction (Dementia) The criteria for brain atrophy in dogs have not yet been established, because of wide variation in the morphology of the ventricles and sulci of the brain depending on the breed and size. In this study, we examined the thickness of the interthalamic adhesion in a transverse magnetic resonance image to investigate normal, to examine the correlation with age, body weight, and breed, and to assess whether measurement would be a useful indicator of brain atrophy. |
| 2005/11 Hematomyelia Secondary to Lumbar Cerebrospinal Fluid Acquisition in a Dog A 2-year-old male (Hungarian Vizsla) was evaluated for progressive discomfort of possible spinal origin. A minimum data base, thoracolumbar magnetic resonance (MR) imaging examination and electrophysiologic investigation were all normal. Cerebellomedullary and lumbar cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) was collected. The fluid was unremarkable except for elevated total protein. Shortly, thereafter, the dog had progressive neurologic deterioration referable to a caudal lumbar spinal cord lesion. In a repeated MR examination there was a well-circumscribed intramedullary lesion at the site where lumbar CSF was collected. The signal characteristics of the lesion were compatible with subacute hemorrhage, which was confirmed to be hematomyelia at the time of successful decompressive surgery. |
| 2005/11 Fungal Infections of the Central Nervous System in the Dog and Cat Fungal infections of the central nervous system (CNS) in dogs and cats are uncommon. The purpose of this paper is to review the clinical signs, diagnostic tests, and therapeutic options of fungal infections of the CNS in the dog and cat. Clinical signs are dependent on lesion location and are often multifocal. Extraneural involvement is common. Antemortem diagnosis can be difficult and is definitively made via cytology, biopsy, or culture of an affected organ or cerebrospinal fluid (CSF). Magnetic resonance imaging can support a diagnosis and may assist in therapeutic decisions. |
| 2005/11 Deep Digital Flexor Tendonitis in the Equine Foot Diagnosed by Low-Field Magnetic Resonance Imaging in the Standing Patient: 18 Cases Injury to the distal aspects of the deep digital flexor tendon (DDFT) is an important cause of lameness in horses. The purpose of this study was to review the magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) findings of 18 horses affected by DDFT injuries in the foot. |
| 2005/11 Coccidioidomycosis: A Diagnostic Challenge Coccidioidomycosis is a systemic fungal infection acquired endemically in the southwestern United States. Clinical disease is quite common in the dog; though less frequently recognized in the cat, disease is often severe at the time of diagnosis. Diagnosis can be a challenge because serology, while specific, is not very sensitive and quantitative titration of antibodies does not correlate entirely with clinical disease in dogs. |
| 2005/11 Brain Magnetic Resonance Imaging Characteristics in Dogs and Cats with Congenital Portosystemic Shunts Animals with a portosystemic shunt (PSS) often have neurologic abnormalities. Diagnostic imaging, including brain magnetic resonance (MR) imaging, is not performed routinely in these animals. In this study, brain MR images were obtained in 13 dogs and three cats with a PSS, and in 15 dogs and five cats that were neurologically normal and used as controls. |
| 2005/10 Foramen Magnum Decompression for Treatment of Caudal Occipital Malformation Syndrome in Dogs A method for foramen magnum decompression (FMD) in dogs with caudal occipital malformation syndrome (COMS) and results for 16 dogs are described. |
| 2005/09 Utility of Magnetic Resonance Imaging for Distinguishing Neoplastic from Non-Neoplastic Brain Lesions in Dogs and Cats The aim of this study was to identify magnetic resonance (MR) signs that aid differentiation of neoplastic vs. non-neoplastic brain diseases in dogs and cats. |
| 2005/09 Results of Diagnostic Investigations and Long-Term Outcome of 33 Dogs with Brain Infarction (2000–2004) Medical records of 33 dogs presented for acute onset, nonprogressive, intracranial dysfunction that had a magnetic resonance imaging diagnosis of brain infarction were reviewed. Postmortem confirmation of brain infarction was available in 10 dogs. All dogs were evaluated by CBC, serum biochemistry, thyroid and adrenal testing, urinalysis, thoracic and abdominal imaging, and cerebrospinal fluid analysis. |
| 2005/09 Magnetic Resonance Imaging Features of Cervical Spinal Cord Meningiomas The records of four dogs with cervical spinal cord meningiomas were retrospectively reviewed. Signalment, history, laboratory findings, neurological examination, and histopathological findings were evaluated. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) was performed using a 1.0-T superconducting magnet and T2-weighted (W) and noncontrast and postcontrast T1-W spin echo pulse sequences. |
| 2005/09 Assessment of Location of the Celiac and Cranial Mesenteric Arteries Relative to the Thoracolumbar Spine Using Magnetic Resonance Imaging Exact localization of thoracolumbar lesions can be harder with magnetic resonance (MR) imaging than with radiography. The celiac and cranial mesenteric arteries are easily seen on MR images and are always included in sagittal thoracolumbar studies. This study was undertaken to establish whether their location was sufficiently consistent to enable them to be used as anatomic landmarks. |
| 2005/09 Anatomical Study of Cranial Nerve Emergence and Skull Foramina in the Dog Using Magnetic Resonance Imaging and Computed Tomography Twenty-two magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) brain studies of different breeds of dogs were reviewed to assess the anatomy of cranial nerve (CN) origins and associated skull foramina. These included five anatomic studies of normal brains using 2-mm-thick slices and 17 studies using conventional clinical protocols with 3- or 4-mm slices on both normal and abnormal brains. |
| 2005/07 Thiamine Deficiency in Dogs Due to the Feeding of Sulphite Preserved Meat A 6-year-old dog, a 4-year-old dog and three 7-week-old puppies were diagnosed with thiamine deficiency caused by feeding sulphite treated meat. The 6-year-old dog presented with a history of inappetence, weight loss and vomiting that rapidly progressed to signs of multifocal intracranial disease including mental dullness, paresis, seizures, spontaneous nystagmus and strabismus. Thiamine pyrophosphate effect was elevated at 58% and magnetic resonance imaging revealed bilaterally symmetrical hyperintensity of the caudate nucleus and rostral colliculi. The dog recovered with thiamine supplementation. The 4-year-old dog and three 7-week-old puppies also presented with rapidly progressive multifocal central nervous system signs including ataxia, paresis, increased muscle tone, seizures, nystagmus and exophthalmos. The 4-year-old dog made a rapid recovery with thiamine supplementation. Euthanasia and necropsy of a puppy revealed malacia of multiple brainstem nuclei and oedema of the cerebral cortex. These findings were consistent with thiamine deficiency. |
| 2005/07 Magnetic Resonance Imaging Findings in the Equine Deep Digital Flexor Tendon and Distal Sesamoid Bone in Advanced Navicular Disease-an Ex Vivo Study We describe the abnormal magnetic resonance (MR) imaging findings in the deep digital flexor tendon (DDFT) and distal sesamoid bone in horses with radiographic changes compatible with navicular syndrome. |
| 2005/07 Comparison of Fluid-Attenuated Inversion Recovery and T2-Weighted Magnetic Resonance Images in Dogs and Cats with Suspected Brain Disease To compare fluid-attenuated inversion recovery (FLAIR) and T2-weighted magnetic resonance (MR) imaging in small animal patients with suspected brain disease, paired sets of FLAIR and T2-weighted MR images of 116 dogs and cats were reviewed separately without any patient information. |
| 2005/06 Inherited Occipital Hypoplasia/Syringomyelia in the Cavalier King Charles Spaniel: Experiences in Setting up a Worldwide DNA Collection Inherited diseases commonly emerge within pedigree dog populations, often due to use of repeatedly bred carrier sire(s) within a small gene pool. Accurate family records are usually available making linkage analysis possible. However, there are many factors that are intrinsically difficult about collecting DNA and collating pedigree information from a large canine population. |
| 2005/05 Quantification of Left Ventricular Mass Using Cardiac Magnetic Resonance Imaging Compared with Echocardiography in Domestic Cats The hypotheses were that cardiac magnetic resonance imaging (cMRI) would accurately determine LV mass in domestic cats and would do so more accurately than echocardiography (ECHO). |
| 2005/04 Secondary Hypothyroidism Following Head Trauma in a Cat An 18-month-old female neutered domestic short hair cat was examined because of marked polydipsia and stunted growth following head trauma when it was 8 weeks old. Diagnostic evaluation revealed hyposthenuric urine, low concentrations of thyroid hormone and undetectable thyroid stimulating hormone concentrations which did not rise following thyroid releasing hormone administration. Lateral radiographs of the left and right tibiae revealed incomplete mineralisation of the greater tubercle and open physis. An almost empty sella turcica and a greatly reduced pituitary were visible on magnetic resonance images of the brain. A presumptive diagnosis of secondary hypothyroidism and central diabetes insipidus following head trauma was made. |
| 2005/03 Magnetic Resonance Imaging of Gm2-Gangliosidosis in a Golden Retriever |
| 2005/03 Magnetic Resonance Imaging Findings in Spinal Cord Infarction in Three Small Breed Dogs Fibrocartilaginous embolization (FCE) of the spinal cord is a common disease in large breed dogs. There are only a few reports about this entity in small breed dogs and it has never been reported in chondrodystrophic breed. For definitive diagnosis histopathologic examination is necessary. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) as a potential diagnostic tool for intravitam diagnosis of FCE has been mentioned before, but results have not been reported so far. This report describes the neurological findings and MRI results in three small breed dogs, including a Pekingese dog, with FCE of the spinal cord. |
| 2005/02 Ethmoidal Encephalocoele Associated with Seizures in a Puppy A six-month-old puppy was presented for investigation of a seizure disorder. Neurological examination indicated persistent cerebral dysfunction in the absence of any identifiable metabolic disorder and magnetic resonance imaging revealed extension of the rostral lobes of the cerebrum into the nasal cavity. |
| 2005/01 Radiographic Diagnosis-Paraspinal Abscess in a Dog A two-year-old intact male Brittany Spaniel was admitted for evaluation of progressive spinal pain. Previous treatment had been initiated for suspected lumbosacral intervertebral disk disease, however there was poor response to therapy. In this case, MR imaging was instrumental in defining the extent of the infection and determining whether medical or surgical management of the diseased tissue was necessary. |
| 2005/01 Magnetic Resonance Imaging Findings in 25 Dogs with Inflammatory Cerebrospinal Fluid To describe the signs that may be associated with intracranial inflammatory conditions, magnetic resonance (MR) images of 25 dogs that had inflammatory cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) were mixed with those of a control group of 40 dogs that had CSF negative for inflammatory disease and reviewed without knowledge of the clinical signs or diagnosis. |
| 2005/01 Injury of the Collateral Ligaments of the Distal Interphalangeal Joint Diagnosed by Magnetic Resonance We describe the clinical, imaging, and necropsy findings of two horses with severe injury of the collateral ligaments of the distal interphalangeal (DIP) joint diagnosed using magnetic resonance (MR) imaging. |
| 2004/12 Radiographic, Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Computed Tomographic, and Rhinoscopic Features of Nasal Aspergillosis in Dogs OBJECTIVE: To determine radiographic, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), computed tomography (CT), and rhinoscopic features of nasal aspergillosis in dogs. |
| 2004/12 Diagnostic Value of Magnetic Resonance Imaging and Computed Tomography for Oral Masses in Dogs The purpose of this study was to determine the diagnostic value of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and computed tomography (CT) in oral masses of dogs. |
| 2004/11 Radiographic, Ultrasonographic, and Computed Tomographic Appearance of Alveolar Echinococcosis in Dogs Alveolar echinococcosis is a rare metacestodal infection of humans and domestic animals with Echinococcus multilocularis and predominantly affects the liver. In humans, diagnosis is based on serology, ultrasonography, computed tomography (CT), and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), techniques that have not yet been validated for the diagnosis of alveolar echinococcosis in dogs. Therefore, the purpose of this retrospective study was to describe the radiographic, ultrasonographic, and CT appearance of canine alveolar echinococcosis. |
| 2004/11 Motion-Correction Techniques for Standing Equine MRI. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of the distal extremities of the standing, sedated horse would be desirable if diagnostic quality images could be obtained. With the availability of extremity and special purpose magnet designs on the market, a system to safely accommodate the standing horse may gain increasing popularity. |
| 2004/11 Low-Field Magnetic Resonance Imaging of the Canine Middle and Inner Ear A series of low-field magnetic resonance images of the normal canine middle and inner ear are presented to serve as a reference. |
| 2004/11 Imaging Diagnosis: Magnetic Resonance Imaging of a Cervical Wooden Foreign Body in a Dog This article describes the discovery of a chronic cervical wooden foreign body ventral to the left transverse processes of the cranial cervical spine using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in a dog that presented with chronic neck pain and lameness. |
| 2004/09 Magnetic Resonance Imaging of Articular Process Joint Geometry and Intervertebral Disk Degeneration in the Caudal Lumbar Spine (L5-S1) of Dogs with Clinical Signs of Cauda Equina Compression The geometry of the lumbosacral region has been suspected to play a role in the development of degenerative lumbosacral stenosis in the dog. In this study, 50 dogs (21 German Shepherd dogs and 29 dogs of other breeds) with clinical signs of cauda equina compression were studied by magnetic resonance (MR) imaging. |
| 2004/09 Low-Field Magnetic Resonance Imaging of Bone Marrow in the Lumbar Spine, Pelvis, and Femur in the Adult Dog. The purpose of this study was to describe the appearance of normal bone marrow in seven adult dogs using low-field (0.3T) magnetic resonance (MR) imaging. |
| 2004/07 Intramedullary Intervertebral Disk Extrusion in a Cat Intervertebral disk extrusion is rarely reported in the cat. In this case, the clinical, radiologic, and magnetic resonance imaging findings of an acute intramedullary intervertebral disk extrusion in a 5-year-old domestic shorthaired cat are described. Radiographically, there was mineralized disk material within the vertebral canal. On magnetic resonance images, the disk material was found to be within the spinal cord. A linear disk trail extending from the disk space into the spinal cord may be specific for intramedullary disk extrusion. |
| 2004/07 A Confusing Magnetic Resonance Imaging Observation Complicating Surgery for a Dermoid Cyst in a Rhodesian Ridgeback |
| 2004/05 Use of Traction During Magnetic Resonance Imaging of Caudal Cervical Spondylomyelopathy ("Wobbler Syndrome") in the Dog Cervical spondylomyelopathy or "wobbler syndrome" is a well-defined disorder of large-breed dogs, characterized by a compressive lesion affecting the cervical spinal cord that in many dogs may have a dynamic component. Determination of whether this dynamic component is present is important in the decision-making process as regards therapeutic intervention. Despite a significant risk of neurologic deterioration following myelography in some large dogs affected by wobbler syndrome, myelography is considered an essential part of the assessment, primarily as it allows assessment of whether a dynamic compression exists. This same neurologic deterioration is not apparent following magnetic resonance (MR) imaging; however, the use of MR imaging in the investigation of wobbler syndrome has thus far been limited by the inability to perform the traction studies required to ascertain whether a dynamic component to the spinal cord compression exists. This paper presents a technique of applying traction during MR imaging of the cervical spine to reduce a dynamic wobbler syndrome lesion. |
| 2004/03 What's under the Cat's Hat: Feline Intracranial Neoplasia and Magnetic Resonance Imaging |
| 2004/03 Quantitative Evaluation of Equine Deep Digital Flexor Tendon Morphology Using Magnetic Resonance Imaging Injury of the distal aspect of the deep digital flexor tendon (DDFT) is a recognized cause of lameness, but diagnosis is difficult. This study aimed to improve understanding of DDFT morphology and pathology using retrospective evaluation of magnetic resonance (MR) images. We hypothesized that: (1) The distal aspect of the DDFT in normal horses would have a repeatable proximal/distal pattern and symmetry between limbs and between lobes; (2) DDFT dimensions would be related to bodyweight, navicular bone dimensions and hoof size; (3) this symmetry and pattern would be lost in DDFT injury; and (4) DDFT size would increase with injury. |
| 2004/03 Material in the Middle Ear of Dogs Having Magnetic Resonance Imaging for Investigation of Neurologic Signs The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence and potential significance of finding material in the middle ear of dogs having magnetic resonance (MR) imaging. |
| 2004/03 Magnetic Resonance Imaging Features of Feline Intracranial Neoplasia: Retrospective Analysis of 46 Cats The purpose of this retrospective study was to determine the magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) characteristics of feline brain tumors and to determine whether these characteristics can be used to accurately predict the histologic diagnosis. |
| 2003/11 Magnetic Resonance Imaging of the Equine Digit with Chronic Laminitis Chronic laminitis is a severe disease affecting the equine digit. It was hypothesized that magnetic resonance (MR) imaging would improve visualization of structures within the foot and pathology associated with chronic laminitis. |
| 2003/09 Thiamine Deficiency in a Dog: Clinical, Clinicopathologic, and Magnetic Resonance Imaging Findings |
| 2003/09 Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Computed Tomography, and Cross-Sectional Views of the Anatomy of Normal Nasal Cavities and Paranasal Sinuses in Mesaticephalic Dogs OBJECTIVE: To use computed tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) to provide a detailed description of the nasal cavities and paranasal sinuses in clinically normal mesaticephalic dogs. |
| 2003/09 Magnetic Resonance Imaging in the Diagnosis of Lymphoma Involving the Brachial Plexus in a Cat An 11-year-old, neutered, female Domestic Long Hair cat had a 3-week history of left forelimb lameness. Conscious proprioception and postural reflexes were absent on the left thoracic limb. The cat had slightly reduced placing and hopping responses on the left pelvic limb, absent cutaneous trunci muscle reflex on the left side, and left triceps muscle atrophy. Magnetic resonance imaging revealed a 2 x 2 x 2 cm mass in the region of the left brachial plexus. The cat was treated by left forelimb amputation and hemilaminectomy. Histopathology of the brachial plexus revealed lymphoma. |
| 2003/09 Imaging of a Spinal Nephroblastoma in a Dog An 8-month-old German Shepherd dog was presented for investigation of pelvic limb gait abnormality. Neurolocalization indicated a T3-L3 spinal cord lesion. The myelographic appearance was of an intramedullary lesion at T9/10, but upon subsequent magnetic resonance imaging it was determined that the mass was extramedullary. A diagnosis of nephroblastoma was made on histological examination. The imaging features of this rare tumor and the differentiation of intradural-extramedullary and intramedullary masses are discussed. |
| 2003/09 High Field Strength (4.7t) Magnetic Resonance Imaging of Hydrocephalus in an African Grey Parrot (Psittacus Erithacus) Hydrocephalus was diagnosed in a juvenile African Grey parrot by high-field strength (4.7-Tesla) magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Excellent anatomic detail was achieved, and there was severe dilation of all ventricles. Relative obstruction was localized to the level of or beyond the outflow of the fourth ventricle. There have been several reports of hydrocephalus diagnosed postmortem in psittacines (i.e., hook-billed parrots), however, this is the first report of an antemortem diagnosis in a psittacine using high-field strength MRI. |
| 2003/09 Ex Vivo Magnetic Resonance Imaging of the Distal Row of Equine Carpal Bones: Assessment of Bone Sclerosis and Cartilage Damage The distal row of carpal bones (C2, C3, and C4) from eight left intercarpal joints--four from Standardbred Trotters and four from Swedish Warmblood horses--were used to assess the potential of magnetic resonance (MR) imaging to detect cartilage and bone lesions. |
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2003/07 |
| 2003/07 Assessment of a Radiotherapy Patient Immobilization Device Using Single Plane Port Radiographs and a Remote Computed Tomography Scanner Radiation treatment requires a precise procedure for interfraction repositioning of the patient. The purpose of this study was to determine the accuracy of our fixation device in treatment position and to evaluate the setup accuracy with two different methods. |
| 2003/06 Quadrigeminal Cisterna Arachnoid Cyst Diagnosed by Mri in Five Dogs Arachnoid cysts of the quadrigeminal cisterna are infratentorial cystic lesions located between the collicular plate and the incisural notch of the tentorium. We report here five cases of quadrigeminal cisterna arachnoid cysts in dogs. |
| 2003/05 Spinal Arachnoid Cysts in 17 Dogs The medical records of 17 dogs diagnosed with spinal arachnoid cysts at North Carolina State University Veterinary Teaching Hospital were retrospectively examined to identify trends in signalment, history, neurological status, treatment, and short- and long-term prognosis. |
| 2003/05 Spatial Accuracy of Fractionated Imrt Delivery Studies in Canine Paraspinal Irradiation Intensity modulated radiation therapy (IMRT) theoretically allows detailed tailoring of the dose distribution in tissue. The goal of this study was to determine if a method of dynamic IMRT could be used to deliver a high dose of radiation to a concave shaped target around the cervical spinal cord. |
| 2003/05 Mensuration of the Pituitary Gland from Magnetic Resonance Images in 17 Cats. The objective of this retrospective study was to estimate using magnetic resonance imaging the size range of the pituitary gland in cats who had no evidence of pituitary disease. |
| 2003/03 Staging of Lumbar Intervertebral Disc Degeneration in Nonchondrodystrophic Dogs Using Low-Field Magnetic Resonance Imaging Recognition of disc degeneration in vivo is important in the investigation of the pathophysiology of intervertebral disc disease as well as the assessment of patients. The purpose of this study was to compare low-field magnetic resonance imaging and histopathologic findings of disc degeneration in the canine caudal lumbar spine. |
| 2003/03 Review of Diagnostic Imaging of Ear Diseases in the Dog and Cat Diagnostic imaging techniques (conventional radiography, computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging) are an essential tool in the diagnostic work-up of ear diseases. Conventional radiography is commonly used, but often lacks sensitivity. Computed tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance (MR) are complementary imaging studies of the middle ear, labyrinth, internal auditory canal and their contents. CT provides excellent images of bony structures and is indicated where osseous changes are of greatest diagnostic importance. MR is superior in imaging soft tissue components including intralabyrinthine fluid. Therefore, more than one of these imaging techniques may be required in order to make a diagnosis. |
| 2003/01 Balloon Dilatation of Nasopharyngeal Stenosis in a Cat A cat was diagnosed with nasopharyngeal stenosis on the basis of clinical signs, survey and contrast radiography, endoscopy and magnetic resonance imaging. The condition was successfully managed with repeated balloon dilatation. |
| 2002/12 Intramedullary Spinal Cord Damage Associated with Intervertebral Disk Material in a Dog Intervertebral disk extrusions into the spinal cord are rarely reported in veterinary medicine, and only necropsy findings are described in previous reports. It is hypothesized that a disk lesion results in forceful injection of disk material into the spinal cord. |
| 2002/11 Technical Parameters Affecting Image Characteristics in in Vivo MR Microscopy of the Mouse The aim of the study was to assess the effects of changing acquisition parameters used for high-resolution in vivo magnetic resonance (MR) microscopy on image quality and scan time. |
| 2002/11 Magnetic Resonance for Evaluation of Neurologic Disease in 12 Horses Magnetic resonance (MR) imaging was used as a neurodiagnostic modality in the assessment of 12 horses with neurologic disease localized cranial to the foramen magnum. |
| 2002/09 Intracranial Intra-Arachnoid Cyst with Intracystic Hemorrhage in Two Dogs Clinical signs, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) features, treatment, and outcome of two adult dogs with neurologic dysfunction resulting from hemorrhage into a quadrigeminal intracranial intra-arachnoid cyst are described. |
| 2002/09 Effect of Deep Digital Flexor Tendon Orientation on Magnetic Resonance Imaging Signal Intensity in Isolated Equine Limbs-the Magic Angle Effect Ten normal equine isolated limbs were imaged using a knee coil in a 1.5 Tesla magnetic field, with short echo time sequences (TE < 15 ms). |
| 2002/09 Accuracy of Magnetic Resonance Imaging for Estimating Intramedullary Osteosarcoma Extent in Pre-Operative Planning of Canine Limb-Salvage Procedures The objective of this work was to compare the accuracy of radiographs and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) for estimating appendicular osteosarcoma margins. The accuracy of computed tomography (CT) and bone scintigraphy was also assessed when these studies were available. |
| 2002/07 Magnetic Resonance Imaging Features of Extradural Hematomas Associated with Intervertebral Disc Herniation in a Dog Myelography and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) were performed on a 4-year-old neutered female Rottweiler with bilateral pelvic limb paresis. In this article, the appearance on MRI of hemorrhage associated with intervertebral disc herniation is discussed. |
| 2002/01 Transorbital Echoencephalography in Cattle The purpose of this study was establishment of the criteria of transorbital echoencephalography in cattle and experimental applications to bovine practice. |
| 2002/01 Meningeal Enhancement on Magnetic Resonance Imaging in 15 Dogs and 3 Cats A retrospective study of 15 dogs and three cats was done to characterize the appearance of meningeal enhancement on magnetic resonance (MR) images of the brain, and to correlate this appearance with its underlying cause. |
| 2001/11 Magnetic Resonance Imaging of Cerebral Cortical Necrosis (Polioencephalomalacia) in a Dog. A 3-year-old neutered female mixed breed dog was examined because of severe, generalized seizure activity, tetraparesis, and encephalopathic signs. Magnetic resonance (MR) imaging examination of the brain was performed and lesions were found within the cerebral gray matter of the temporal and parietal lobes. At necropsy, severe cerebral cortical necrosis was found in the regions corresponding to the lesions seen on MR imaging examination. |
| 2001/11 MR Imaging Findings in a Dog with Intravascular Lymphoma in the Brain Intravascular lymphoma (malignant angioendotheliomatosis, angiotrophic lymphoma) is a rare neoplastic disorder in dogs. The literature contains few reports in dogs and a single report in a cat. Intravascular lymphoma is characterized by an intravascular proliferation of malignant lymphocytes. This unique angiocentric distribution of neoplastic cells leads to the characteristic clinicopathologic feature of thromboses and infarctions. In people, intravascular lymphoma has a predilection for vessels in the central nervous system (CNS) and skin. Typically, affected patients have episodic symptoms that coincide with the timing of infarctions. This report details the clinicopathologic description and magnetic resonance (MR) images of a dog with intravascular lymphoma that resulted in multiple CNS infarctions. |
| 2001/11 Granular Cell Tumor of the Canine Central Nervous System: Two Cases Although pure granular cell tumors have been reported in various sites in the dog, only one tumor has been reported in the central nervous system. Two dogs presented with neurologic signs had brain lesions detected by magnetic resonance imaging in the area of the olfactory bulbs and frontal cortex. In both dogs, a clinical diagnosis of a granular cell tumor was made from tissues obtained from stereotactic biopsies guided by computed tomography. |
| 2001/09 Low-Field Magnetic Resonance Imaging of a Pyocephalus and a Suspected Brain Abscess in a German Shepherd Dog Magnetic resonance imaging was performed on an eight-year-old, neutered female German Shepherd dog with a history of acute depression, inappetence, and hyperthermia. A lesion in the cerebrum was suspected. Possible differential diagnoses were meningoencephalitis, neoplasia, and vascular lesion (infarction, bleeding). A ring enhancing lesion was found in the basal ganglia on the left side with edema of the surrounding brain tissue. A similar mass lesion was present in the right pterygoid musculature. With inversion recovery sequences an altered composition of the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) in the left lateral ventricle could be detected. CSF analysis confirmed a pyocephalus, probably due to rupture of a brain abscess into the left lateral ventricle. |
| 2001/09 Comparative Evaluation of the Ventricles in the Yorkshire Terrier and the German Shepherd Dog Using Low-Field MRI MR images provide for the exact assessment of the brain, including ventricular size. Still inter- and intrabreed comparison of ventricle size is difficult due to the varying anatomies in dogs. To compare the ventricle area of different sized breeds, 25 dogs (13 Yorkshire Terriers and 12 German Shepard dogs) were reviewed, retrospectively. |
| 2001/07 Magnetic Resonance Imaging Features of Equine Nigropallidal Encephalomalacia. Magnetic resonance imaging (MR) was used to make a diagnosis of equine nigropallidal encephalomalacia in a horse. Equine nigropallidal encephalomalacia is a neurodegenerative disease that has many characteristics with Parkinson-like diseases in humans. Using MR to confirm a diagnosis of equine nigropallidal encephalomalacia will prevent unnecessary suffering of horses and expense to owners that would otherwise incur, while further diagnostics are performed. |
| 2001/07 Functional Cystic Thyroid Adenoma in a Cat A 9-year-old cat with hyperthyroidism was referred for radioactive iodine treatment. The cat also had a ventral cervical mass that the owners reported had been present for several years and had increased in size during the past few weeks. On physical examination, the mass was found to have caused lateral displacement of the trachea, esophagus, jugular vein, and common carotid artery. The mass was aspirated and was determined to be cystic in nature. Concentrations of thyroid hormones in the cystic fluid were similar to serum concentrations, and nuclear scintigraphy revealed thyroactive tissue lining the cyst wall. Magnetic resonance imaging suggested that the cyst originated from the right lobe of the thyroid gland. The cat was treated with sodium iodide I 131 but died 4 days later, presumably as a result of aspiration of gastric or esophageal contents. A necropsy was not performed, but histologic examination of a biopsy specimen of the mass indicated that it was a cystic thyroid adenoma. |
| 2001/05 Radiographic Diagnosis: Cartilaginous Exostoses in a Dog A 6 month-old dog was examined for progressive paraparesis. On physical examination bony malformations were palpated over the cranial lumbar vertebral bodies and on the left metatarsal bone. Neuroanatomic lesion localization for the paraparesis was a T3-L3 spinal cord lesion. Radiographs confirmed bony masses at L1-L2 and on the left 3rd metatarsal bone. Magnetic resonance imaging was performed from T3-L3. Severe spinal cord compression was identified at L1-L2. Surgical decompression and biopsy confirmed the mass to be cartilaginous exostoses. This paper is an example of cartilaginous exostoses imaged with MR. |
| 2001/05 Magnetic Resonance Imaging of Intracranial Tissue Accumulations in Domestic Ducks (Anas Platyrhynchos F. Dom.) with Feather Crests The crested breed of domestic duck (Anas platyrhynchos f. dom.) has been described as a variety which has high pre- and postnatal mortalities, malformations in skull and brain anatomy, and several central nervous deficiencies. In the present study a correlation between the volume of the crest cushion and the volume of the intracranial tissue deposit could not be found (r = 0.014). Some of the Crested ducks had encephaloceles in addition to the crest cushion. |
| 2001/05 Familial Cerebellar Ataxia with Hydrocephalus in Bull Mastiffs Familial cerebellar ataxia with concurrent hydrocephalus has previously been described in a family of bull mastiff pups, and recently has been identified in a litter from Louisiana. In magnetic resonance imaging of the brain of two of the pups, there were symmetric hydrocephalus and two focal areas of increased signal intensity within the central nuclei of the cerebellum. Histopathologically there was vacuolization and mild astrogliosis within the deep cerebellar nuclei (dentate, interpositus, fastigial), caudal colliculi, and lateral vestibular nuclei. |
| 2001/04 Computed Tomography and Magnetic Resonance Imaging of the Equine Head Horses are frequently presented with clinical conditions warranting diagnostic imaging of the head. Unfortunately, evaluation of the equine head can be difficult using conventional radiography. The anatomic complexity and superimposition of the osseous, dental, and soft tissue structures complicate radiographic interpretation and diagnoses. Multiple radiographic projections may be necessary to image specific regions, and side-to-side comparison is often essential. |
| 2001/03 The Correlation of Canine Patellar Luxation and the Anteversion Angle as Measured Using Magnetic Resonance Images Measurements from magnetic resonance (MR) images can be used to examine the anteversion angle (AT-angle) and its influence on the lateromedial or mediolateral luxating forces on the patella. |
| 2001/03 Mensuration of the Normal Pituitary Gland from Magnetic Resonance Images in 96 Dogs The pituitary gland was measured from transverse magnetic resonance T1-weighted images after Gadolinium administration in 96 dogs weighing from 13 to 45 kg. |
| 2001/01 Magnetization Transfer Imaging of the Canine Brain: A Review Magnetization transfer imaging is a modality capable of examining the non-water components of brain tissue by examining the effects they have on water protons. This paper reviews the theory of magnetization transfer imaging, its applications, and provides an example of its use in examining the canine brain. |
| 2001/01 Magnetic Resonance Imaging Features of Multilobular Osteochondrosarcoma in 3 Dogs Three dogs with multilobular osteochondrosarcoma of the skull were evaluated using magnetic resonance (MR) imaging. |
| 2001/01 Magnetic Resonance Imaging Features of Cervical Stenotic Myelopathy in 21 Dogs The cervical spine of 21 dogs with clinical signs of cervical stenotic myelopathy was evaluated using magnetic resonance (MR) imaging. |
| 2001/01 MR Imaging Findings in a Dog with Lumbar Ganglion Cysts Intraspinal cysts of the L6-L7 and L7-S1 articular process joints in a six-year-old neutered female German Shepherd Dog were diagnosed using magnetic resonance (MR) imaging. |
| 2000/11 Magnetic Resonance Diagnosis: Cavernous Sinus Syndrome in a Dog |
| 2000/09 Magnetic Resonance Imaging of the Normal and Diseased Feline Middle Ear The magnetic resonance imaging appearance of the feline middle ear is described in three healthy cats and in five cats with middle ear disease. |
| 2000/07 Primary Irradiation of Canine Intracranial Masses Twenty-nine dogs received primary radiation therapy for intracranial lesions and clinical signs suggestive of neoplasia. Presumptive diagnosis and tumor categorization was based on computed tomographic or magnetic resonance images. |
| 2000/07 Magnetic Resonance Imaging and Cross Sectional Anatomy of the Normal Equine Sinuses and Nasal Passages The purpose of this investigation was to define the magnetic resonance imaging anatomy of the rostral part of the equine head. |
| 2000/07 Magnetic Resonance Imaging Features of Brain Stem Abscessation in Two Cats Premortem magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) was performed in two cats with brain stem abscessation confirmed post mortem by histology and recovery of multiple bacterial species. |
| 2000/07 Comparison of Fast Spin-Echo and Conventional Spin-Echo Magnetic Resonance Spinal Imaging Techniques in Four Normal Dogs Various magnetic resonance (MR) imaging techniques have been used to assess lumbar spinal abnormalities in people. Four, young adult, clinically normal dogs were used to compare images of the spinal cord acquired using conventional spin-echo and rapid acquisition relaxation-enhanced (RARE), commonly called fast spin-echo (FSE), magnetic resonance imaging techniques. |
| 2000/05 Magnetic Resonance Arthrography of the Canine Stifle Joint: Technique and Applications in Eleven Military Dogs. The stifle joints of eleven military working dogs were evaluated using conventional magnetic resonance (MR) imaging and MR arthrography. A protocol optimizing MR imaging of the canine stifle joint is discussed, as well as potential uses for administration of intra-articular gadolinium. |
| 2000/05 An Unusual Neurological Disorder in the Labrador Retriever |
| 2000/04 MRI Findings in a Dog with Otitis Media and Suspected Otitis Interna |
| 2000/03 Use of Radiography, Computed Tomography and Magnetic Resonance Imaging for Evaluation of Navicular Syndrome in the Horse Radiographic evaluation of navicular syndrome is problematic because of its inconsistent correlation with clinical signs. Scintigraphy often yields false positive and false negative results and diagnostic ultrasound is of limited value. Therefore, we assessed the use of computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging in a horse with clinical and radiographic signs of navicular syndrome. |
| 2000/03 Low-Field Magnetic Resonance Imaging of the Equine Tarsus: Normal Anatomy The objective of this study was to define the normal gross anatomic appearance of the adult equine tarsus on a low-field magnetic resonance (MR) image. Six radiographically normal, adult, equine tarsal cadavers were utilized. Using a scanner with a 0.064 Tesla magnet, images were acquired in the sagittal, transverse and dorsal planes for T1-weighted and the sagittal plane for T2-weighted imaging sequences. |
| 2000/01 Magnetic Resonance Imaging of Otitis Media in a Dog Otitis media/interna was diagnosed in a 20-month-old German shepherd with the assistance of magnetic resonance (MR) imaging. |
| 1999/11 Necrotizing Encephalitis in a Yorkshire Terrier: Clinical, Imaging, and Pathologic Findings A 5-year-old, male Yorkshire Terrier had chronic and progressive neurologic signs compatible with lesions in the right brain stem and right forebrain. |
| 1999/11 Magnetic Resonance Imaging Features of Tumors of the Spine and Spinal Cord in Dogs Twenty-one dogs with confirmed tumors of the spinal cord or paraspinal tissues were imaged with magnetic resonance (MR) imaging. |
| 1999/09 Magnetic Resonance Imaging of the Normal Feline Abdomen: An Anatomic Reference Magnetic resonance images of two adult domestic short-haired cats were obtained with a whole body scanner. |
| 1999/09 Correlative Imaging Findings in Seven Dogs and One Cat with Spinal Arachnoid Cysts Information regarding 7 dogs and 1 cat with a spinal arachnoid cyst is presented. All patients were evaluated with survey radiographs and myelography. Computed tomography (CT) following myelography, magnetic resonance (MR) imaging, and sonography, were used in some of the patients. |
| 1999/09 Canine Intracranial Epidermoid Cyst A 7-year-old intact male pitbull presented with a 2-month history of progressive dysequilibrium. Cerebrospinal fluid analysis was indicative of a central inflammatory or neoplastic disorder. A cerebellar cystic structure was identified on magnetic resonance imaging which was found to be an epidermoid cyst on histopathology. |
| 1999/08 The Elbow Computed tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) are noninvasive methods of imaging the canine cubital joint. CT images are typically acquired using contiguous 1-mm slices, a bone reconstruction algorithm, and a field of view large enough to scan both elbows simultaneously. With MRI, use of a surface coil and 3D Fourier transformation gradient echo fast imaging sequences allow contiguous thin slices to be obtained. Both imaging techniques appear to be highly effective in the evaluation of elbow dysplasia, particularly for the detection of MCP fragmentation, although MRI is superior to CT for identifying nonmineralized cartilaginous fragments. |
| 1999/07 Magnetic Resonance Imaging of the Cervical Spine in 27 Dogs The cervical spine of 27 dogs with cervical pain or cervical myelopathy was evaluated using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). |
| 1999/07 Magnetic Resonance Imaging and Ultrasonography in the Diagnosis of a Malignant Peripheral Nerve Sheath Tumor in a Dog A 9-year-old male neutered mixed breed dog had a two-month history of progressive left thoracic limb lameness. There was electromyographic evidence of denervation potentials in all muscles of this limb. In magnetic resonance images a multilobulated, hyperintense mass was visible caudal to the middiaphysis of the left humerus on T-2 weighted images. |
| 1999/05 Use of Magnetic Resonance Imaging for Diagnosis of a Spinal Tumor in a Cat Magnetic resonance imaging was used to identify a spinal mass at the level of the 6th-7th cervical vertebral body in a cat. |
| 1999/05 Use of Magnetic Resonance Angiography for Diagnosis of Portosystemic Shunts in Dogs A prospective study was conducted to determine the sensitivity and specificity of diagnosis of portosystemic shunts (PSS) and the accuracy of anatomically locating single congenital PSS in dogs using magnetic resonance angiography (MRA). |
| 1999/05 Magnetic Resonance Imaging of the Brain of a Dog with Hereditary Polioencephalomyelopathy Hereditary polioencephalomyelopathy was suspected in a young, female Australian Cattle Dog on the basis of clinical signs, including seizures, progressive ataxia, and weakness. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of the brain revealed multiple ovoid, bilaterally symmetric signal abnormalities that were hypointense or isointense on T1-weighted images and hyperintense on T2-weighted images. |
| 1999/05 Magnetic Resonance Imaging of a Choroid Plexus Carcinoma and Meningeal Carcinomatosis in a Dog A 6-year-old neutered female Boston Terrier had a slow onset of blindness and behavior changes. Neurologic abnormalities included bilateral visual loss with absent menace responses and visual tracking, mydriatic pupils, slow pupillary light responses and papilledema. On magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) there were multiple cyst-like structures found in the parenchyma of the cerebrum, cerebellum and brainstem. Histopathologically the diagnosis was a choroid plexus carcinoma with meningeal carcinomatosis. The findings differ from previous descriptions of the MRI characteristics of choroid plexus tumors. |
| 1999/05 Aortoiliac Thrombus Secondary to a Mineralized Arteriosclerotic Lesion A 12-year-old, neutered female, Siberian Husky dog presented with a hind limb weakness of one month duration. To facilitate making a diagnosis multiple imaging modalities were performed. These modalities included radiography, ultrasonography, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), magnetic resonance angiography (MRA) and selective angiography of the abdominal aorta. In this dog, the MRI/MRA studies provided the first documentation of the external iliac thrombi and the collateral circulation via the lumbar arteries. At necropsy, an aortoiliac thrombus caused by a mineralized arteriosclerotic plaque was noted. |
| 1999/03 Radiographic Diagnosis: Focal Spinal Cord Malacia in a Cat |
| 1999/03 Magnetic Resonance (Mr) Imaging Studies on Horses |
| 1999/01 What Is Your Diagnosis? Mouth Neoplasms |
| 1999/01 Ultrasonography of the Equine Shoulder: Technique and Normal Appearance This study was intended to document normal ultrasonographic appearance of the equine shoulder and anatomic landmarks useful in clinical imaging. |
| 1999/01 Magnetic Resonance Imaging of a Medullary Dermoid Cyst with Secondary Hydrocephalus in a Dog Magnetic resonance images were acquired of the brain of a 7-year-old male Golden Retriever with hydrocephalus secondary to a medullary lesion. |
| 1999/01 Low-Field Magnetic Resonance Imaging of Beagle Brain with a Dedicated Receiver Coil A specially designed radio frequency receiver coil was used in a low-field-strength (0.1 T) magnetic resonance imager to improve the image quality of the Beagle brain. |
| 1999/01 Evaluation of Magnetic Resonance Imaging Techniques in the Equine Digit An anatomic study of the equine digit using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) was performed. |
| 1999/01 Effect of Hydration on Signal Intensity of Gelatin Phantoms Using Low-Field Magnetic Resonance Imaging: Possible Application in Osteoarthritis Five gelatin phantoms were constructed to study the effect of matrical hydration on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) signal intensity using a low-field strength imager. |
| 1998/11 Probable Trigeminal Nerve Schwannoma in a Dog A 7-year-old male Husky dog developed atrophy of the right masseter muscle and pruritus of the right side of the face. A myogenic origin was excluded using muscular biopsy. Electrophysiologically, there was involvement of the motor and sensory fibers of the trigeminal nerve, suggesting a lesion located between the brainstem and the trigeminal ganglion. On MRI examination, a nodular mass was detected in the right caudal fossa. This mass was characterized by intense enhancement after injection of contrast medium. Because of the progressive clinical signs, electrophysiology, and MRI results, a presumptive diagnosis of a trigeminal nerve schwannoma was made. The animal's condition improved slightly with corticosteroids. The dog underwent euthanasia 3 months after initial presentation. Necropsy was not performed. |
| 1998/11 Comparison of Spin Echo, Gradient Echo and Fat Saturation Magnetic Resonance Imaging Sequences for Imaging the Canine Elbow Two comparison studies were performed. In the first conventional spin-echo (T1- and T2-weighted) sequences and a three-dimensional (3-D Fourier transform [3DFT]) echo gradient fast-imaging sequence were compared for imaging the canine normal elbow joint. |
| 1998/08 Inflammatory Diseases of the Central Nervous System in Dogs Inflammatory diseases of the central nervous system (CNS) are important causes of seizures in dogs. Specific diseases include canine distemper, rabies, cryptococcosis, coccidioidomycosis, toxoplasmosis, neosporosis, Rocky Mountain spotted fever, ehrlichiosis, granulomatous meningoencephalomyelitis, and pug dog encephalitis. Inflammatory disorders should be considered when a dog with seizures has persistent neurological deficits, suffers an onset of seizures at less than 1 or greater than 5 years of age, or exhibits signs of systemic illness. A thorough history, examination, and analysis of cerebrospinal fluid are important in the diagnosis of inflammatory diseases. However, even with extensive diagnostic testing, a specific etiology is identified in less than two thirds of dogs with inflammatory diseases of the CNS. |
| 1998/05 Low-Field Magnetic Resonance Imaging of Early Subchondral Cyst-Like Lesions in Induced Cranial Cruciate Ligament Deficient Dogs Six healthy adult male mongrel dogs underwent cranial cruciate ligament transection in the left stifle. Survey radiography of both stifles and low-field (0.064 T) MRI of the left stifle were performed preoperatively and at 2, 6, and 12 weeks postoperatively. Focal changes in signal intensity were seen with MRI in the subchondral bone of the medial tibial condyle at 2 and 6 weeks postoperatively. At 12 weeks postoperative, a cyst-like lesion was detected using MRI in the subchondral bone of the medial tibial condyle in 4 of 6 dogs and a less defined lesion at this site in the remaining 2 dogs. The cyst-like lesion was spherical in shape and showed typical characteristics of fluid with low signal intensity on T1-weighted images, high signal intensity on T2-weighted images and high signal intensity on inversion recovery images. The lesion was seen in the subchondral bone of the caudal medial and/or middle region of the tibial plateau slightly cranial to the insertion of the caudal cruciate ligament. No subchondral cysts were seen in the tibia on radiographs. Histopathologically, the tibia was characterized by a loose myxomatous phase of early subchondral cyst formation. |
| 1998/05 Developmental Change of Lateral Ventricular Volume and Ratio in Beagle-Type Dogs up to 7 Months of Age Eighteen healthy Beagle-type dogs were studied using magnetic resonance (MR) imaging from a few days after birth up to 7 months of age. |
| 1998/03 MRI Case Presented as Part of the 1997 A.C.V.R. Oral Certification Examination: Computed Tomography/Magnetic Resonance Imaging Elective |
| 1998/03 Low-Field Magnetic Resonance Imaging of the Canine Stifle Joint: Normal Anatomy Low-field magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) was performed on the stifle joints of four normal adult mongrel dogs using a 0.064 Tesla scanner. |
| 1998/01 Clinical Features of Trigeminal Nerve-Sheath Tumor in 10 Dogs Nerve-sheath tumor was diagnosed in 10 dogs with clinical signs of unilateral trigeminal nerve dysfunction. Unilateral temporalis and masseter muscle atrophy were present in all cases. An enlarged foramen and distorted rostral petrous temporal bone were seen with computed tomography imaging in one case. Magnetic resonance imaging was used to identify the lesion accurately in seven cases. Surgery was performed for biopsy and lesion removal in three cases. Cases not treated had a progressive course eventually resulting in euthanasia or death. Of the cases treated surgically, one case is alive without disease progression 27 months after surgery. Survival times of the nontreated cases ranged from five to 21 months. |
| 1997/11 Quantification of Cerebral Ventricular Volume in English Bulldogs Quantitative measurement of cerebral ventricle volume of eight English bulldogs was performed using magnetic resonance (MR) imaging. |
| 1997/11 Magnetic Resonance Imaging of the Lateral Ventricles in Beagle-Type Dogs Magnetic resonance (MR) imaging was performed on 21 presumed normal Beagle-type dogs. |
| 1997/11 Appearance of Canine Abdominal Tumors with Magnetic Resonance Imaging Using a Low Field Permanent Magnet The study was carried out to evaluate the applicability of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in detecting tumors in the abdomen of the dog. Abdominal ultrasound and MRI were performed on 8 dogs having a mass lesion on abdominal radiography. |
| 1997/09 Magnetic Resonance Imaging Appearance of Intracranial Hemorrhage Secondary to Cerebral Vascular Malformation in a Dog A 14-year-old dog developed an acute onset of depression, disorientation, left hemiparesis,left hemianopia, left facial hypoesthesia, and a tendency to turn to the right. Based on these findings, a lesion affecting the right forebrain was suspected. Magnetic resonance imaging showed a mass within the right cerebral hemisphere resulting in compression of the right lateral ventricle and shifting the longitudinal fissure to the left. The lesion was hyperintense on T1-weighted images and hyperintense with focal regions of hypointensity on proton density-, and T2-weighted images, consistent with a subacute hemorrhage. At necropsy, there was a hematoma in the parietal portion of the right cerebral hemisphere. The hemorrhage was surrounded by numerous thin-walled veins, most likely a venous malformation. Magnetic resonance imaging of intracranial hemorrhage is reviewed. |
| 1997/09 Evaluation of the Variably Ossified Collateral Cartilages of the Distal Phalanx and Adjacent Anatomic Structures in the Finnhorse with Computed Tomography and Magnetic Resonance Imaging Six Finnhorse cadaver forefeet were selected to represent radiographically different types and grades of ossification of the collateral cartilages of the distal phalanx. These cartilages and adjacent tissues were evaluated with computed tomography (CT) and high field magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). |
| 1997/09 Computed Tomography and Magnetic Resonance Imaging of Cavernous Sinus Enlargement in a Dog with Unilateral Exophthalmos Computed tomography (CT), magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and magnetic resonance angiography (MRA) were performed on a dog with a two year history of unilateral exophthalmos occurring two years following head trauma. |
| 1997/07 Retrospective Review of 50 Canine Intracranial Tumors Evaluated by Magnetic Resonance Imaging Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) was performed on 50 dogs with intracranial neoplasia. |
| 1997/07 Diagnosis of Cerebral Ventriculomegaly in Normal Adult Beagles Using Quantitative MRI The brain of 17 asymptomatic normal adult beagles was evaluated with magnetic resonance imaging. Lateral ventricular size was quantified using computer algorithms. Results suggest a high incidence of clinically asymptomatic ventriculomegaly in normal adult beagles. |
| 1997/05 Radiographic, Computed Tomographic and Magnetic Resonance Imaging Evaluation of a Chronic Long Digital Extensor Tendon Avulsion in a Dog Long digital extensor tendon avulsion is reported in a 5 month old Great Dane. Clinically the dog presented with a unilateral weight-bearing pelvic limb lameness. Joint effusion was present and there was pain and crepitance associated with flexion of the stifle. Orthopedic evaluation and radiographs were suggestive of a long digital extensor tendon injury which was confirmed by computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging. The injury was surgically repaired with screw and spiked washer fixation. |
| 1997/05 Magnetic Resonance Imaging of the Equine Metacarpophalangeal Joint: Three-Dimensional Reconstruction and Anatomic Analysis Magnetic resonance imaging was used to examine the equine metacarpophalangeal joint. |
| 1997/05 Magnetic Resonance Imaging and Computed Tomography Characteristics of Intracranial Intra-Arachnoid Cysts in 6 Dogs Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and computed tomographic imaging (CT) characteristics of intracranial intra-arachnoid cysts in six dogs are described. |
| 1997/03 Magnetic Resonance Imaging of the Brain of Normal Neonatal Foals Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) was performed on the brain of 5 normal, anesthetized, neonatal (age 3-to-6 days) Quarter Horse foals. The objectives of the study were to develop a technique for imaging the brain of neonatal foals, and to ascertain their normal brain anatomy. |
| 1997/01 Hydromyelia in the Dog Hydromyelia is a dilation of the spinal cord central canal. In man this may be due to congenital malformations such as Dandy-Walker syndrome and Chiari malformations or may be acquired as result of infection, trauma or neoplasia. |
| 1996/11 Magnetic Resonance Imaging in the Diagnosis of Focal Granulomatous Meningoencephalitis in Two Dogs Two dogs with neurologic signs were evaluated by magnetic resonance imaging of the brain. Focal space-occupying lesions were present in both dogs. In the first, the lesion was in the brain stem and in the second, in the cerebellum. In one dog the lesion was only evident after administration of gadolinium-DTPA-dimeglumine. Based on the magnetic resonance images, neoplasia was suspected in both dogs but histopathologically, granulomatous meningoencephalomyelitis was diagnosed. |
| 1996/09 Magnetic Resonance Imaging of Brain Infarction in Seven Dogs Magnetic resonance imaging was performed in seven dogs with histopathologically-confirmed brain infarcts. The infarcts were non-hemorrhagic in four dogs and hemorrhagic in three dogs. Six dogs had single infarcts involving the cerebrum and one dog had multiple infarcts involving the cerebrum and brain stem. Non-hemorrhagic infarcts were typically wedge-shaped, hypointense on T1-weighted images, hyperintense on T2-weighted images, and did not enhance with gadolinium-DTPA. Hemorrhagic infarcts had mixed intensity on T1- and T2-weighted images, with variable patterns of enhancement. |
| 1996/07 Cerebrovascular Disease Cerebrovascular disease may be secondary to various disorders including hypothyroidism, sepsis, neoplasia, hypertension, vascular malformation, and coagulopathy. Brain infarction or hemorrhage should be suspected in an animal with a sudden onset of a focal brain lesion. The recent availability of CT and MRI has improved our ability to diagnose cerebrovascular disease in animals. Treatment is directed at maintaining adequate oxygenation of the brain, controlling elevations of ICP, treating seizures, and identifying and treating any underlying disease. With appropriate care, many animals can recover. |
| 1996/05 Magnetic Resonance Imaging of Ocular and Orbital Disease in 5 Dogs and a Cat Magnetic resonance (MR) images were acquired in five dogs and one cat with ocular and orbital disease. |
| 1996/01 Magnetic Resonance Imaging Features of Primary Brain Tumors in Dogs Magnetic resonance images of twenty-five dogs with histopathologically confirmed primary brain tumors were evaluated. |
| 1996/01 Arachnoid Cyst in Cerebellar Pontine Area of a Cat-Diagnosis by Magnetic Resonance Imaging A male Persian cat with epileptiform convulsions was evaluated by magnetic resonance imaging. A space occupying lesion filled with cerebrospinal fluid, believed to be a caudal fossa arachnoid cyst, was found. This condition, which has not been previously described in the cat, was thought to be an incidental finding in the subject of this report. |
| 1995/11 Optimizing Technical Conditions for Magnetic Resonance Imaging of the Rat Brain and Abdomen in a Low Magnetic Field The present study was designed to establish the appropriate technical conditions for magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of the head and abdomen in rats using a low magnetic field strength (0.2 T) MRI unit equipped with three radio frequency (RF) coils: a custom-made solenoid coil, a temporomandibular joint surface coil and a knee quadrature (QD) RF coil. |
| 1995/11 Low-and High-Field Strength Magnetic Resonance Imaging to Evaluate the Brain in One Normal Dog and Two Dogs with Central Nervous System Disease The brain of one control dog and two dogs with spontaneous central nervous system pathology (one hydrocephalus, one meningoencepholocoele) were examined with low- and high-field-strength magnetic resonance devices to evalute the suitability of low-field magnets for canine brain imaging. |
| 1995/11 A Comparison of Radiography, Computed Tomography, and Magnetic Resonance Imaging for the Diagnosis of Palmar Process Fractures in Foals The relative sensitivity of radiography, computed tomography, and magnetic resonance imaging for detecting palmar process fractures of the distal phalanx in foals was determined and the imaging findings were compared with histomorphologic evaluations of the palmar processes. |
| 1995/07 Magnetic Resonance Study Presented as Part of the 1994 A.C.V.R. Oral Certification Examination* |
| 1995/07 Magnetic Resonance Imaging of the Normal Feline Brain The purpose of this study was to produce an atlas of magnetic resonance images (MRI) of the feline brain and associated structures. |
| 1995/05 MR Evaluation of Intra and Extracranial Extension of Nasal Adenocarcinoma in a Dog and Cat Nasal adenocarcinomas have been reported to extend into the cranial vault and cause neurologic disease. This report discusses a dog and cat with nasal adenocarcinoma which extended into the retrobulbar space, base of the cranial vault and adjacent soft tissues. The invasive characteristics of the neoplasms were documented by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). |
| 1995/03 Magnetic Resonance Imaging of the Equine Stifle The purpose of this study was to define normal gross anatomic structures in the equine stifle with magnetic resonance images. |
| 1995/03 Magnetic Resonance Imaging for Diagnosis of Pituitary Macrotumors in Dogs The value of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) for the evaluation of dogs with pituitary-dependent hyperadrenocorticism (PDH) and CNS signs was assessed. Magnetic resonance imaging of the brain was performed in 13 dogs with PDH and neurologic signs. The diagnosis of PDH was made on the basis of results of adrenocortical function tests and abdominal ultrasonography, in conjunction with appropriate history, clinical signs, and clinicopathologic alterations. |
| 1995/01 Magnetic Resonance Imaging of the Caudal Lumbar and Lumbosacral Spine in 13 Dogs (1990-1993) The caudal lumbar and lumbosacral spine of 13 dogs with pain or neurologic deficits were evaluated using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). |
| 1995/01 Magnetic Resonance Imaging Features of Primary Brain Tumors in Dogs Magnetic resonance images of twenty-five dogs with histopathologically confirmed primary brain tumors were evaluated. |
| 1994/11 Computed Tomography and Magnetic Resonance Imaging of the Normal Equine Carpus A normal equine carpus was used for computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging. The structures outlined were identified and described. The two techniques were compared. This anatomic description could be helpful as a basis for clinical exams. |
| 1994/09 Radiographic and Magnetic Resonance Imaging of the Stifle Joint in Experimental Osteoarthritis of Dogs Radiography and magnetic resonance imaging were used to evaluate osteoarthritis at 2, 6, and 12 weeks following transection of the cranial cruciate ligament of the stifle (femorotibial) joint of 6 dogs. |
| 1994/09 Magnetic Resonance Imaging of the Normal Eye and Orbit of a Screech Owl (Otus Asio) Magnetic resonance images of a screech owl (Otus asio) were acquired to identify the normal anatomic components of the eye'and orbit. |
| 1994/03 Normal Variation in Size of the Lateral Ventricles of the Labrador Retriever Dog as Assessed by Magnetic Resonance Imaging Detecting canine brain lesions on computed tomography (CT) or magnetic resonance (MR) scans can be difficult if the lesions do not enhance well following administration of intravenous contrast material. Changes in the shape and position of the ventricular system can be important in the diagnosis of such lesions. Normal variation within the canine ventricular system has not been documented. MR scans from 62 normal Labrador retriever type dogs were evaluated. |
| 1994/03 Magnetic Resonance Imaging of the Normal Eye and Orbit of the Dog and Cat Magnetic resonance (MR) images of the normal eye and orbit of the dog and cat were acquired. Anatomic components of the globe, retrobulbar structures and ocular adnexa were easily seen in all MR sections. The oblique dorsal and oblique sagittal planes were superior for evaluating the optic nerve in its entirety. |
| 1993/11 Magnetic Resonance Imaging of the Equine Foot The purpose of this study was to assess the ability of magnetic resonance imaging to depict abnormalities of the equine foot. |
| 1993/11 Magnetic Resonance Imaging of Canine Degenerative Lumbar Spine Diseases Degenerative lumbar spine diseases, i.e., sacrolumbar stenosis, intervertebral disk degeneration and protrusion and spondylosis deformans of the canine lumbar spine were studied in eleven canine patients and three healthy controls using radiography and 0.02 T and 0.04 T low field magnetic resonance imaging. |
| 1993/09 Adrenal Neoplasia in Seven Ferrets Medical records from 7 ferrets presented to the VMTH with histologically confirmed adrenal neoplasia were reviewed. Adrenomegaly was identified in 1 ferret by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). |
| 1993/04 Pathologic Correlations with Magnetic Resonance Images of Osteochondrosis Lesions in Canine Shoulders Twelve shoulders in 6 dogs with clinical and radiographic evidence of osteochondrosis were examined by magnetic resonance imaging performed on a 0.5-T superconductive system. |
| 1992/07 Magnetic Resonance, Ultrasound and Histopathologic Correlation of Acute and Healing Equine Tendon Injuries Ultrasonography and MRI have become valuable tools for imaging of tendon injuries. The current study examines the histopathologic basis for the imaging abnormalities. High resolution real time ultrasound and MRI both accurately reflect the tissue abnormalities in acute tendon injuries. The injured horse does appear to be an effective model for correlative imaging studies of tendon injuries. |
| 1991/06 Principles of Magnetic Resonance Imaging and Application to the Stifle Joint in Dogs |
| 1991/03 Low Field Magnetic Resonance Imaging of the Canine Central Nervous System Magnetic resonance (MR) imaging is a relatively new method of medical imaging. MR studies on the normal canine central nervous system were performed using a low field MR scanner. |
| 1991/01 MR, CT and Clinical Features from Four Dogs with Nasal Tumors Involving the Rostral Cerebrum The clinical findings and computed tomographic and magnetic resonance images from four dogs with nasal tumors that invaded the central nervous system were revlewed. |
| 1989/11 Cross-Sectional Anatomy of the Beagle Thorax Transverse sections of the thorax of the Beagle were prepared, photographed, and compared with computerized tomographic scans and dissection specimens. Anatomical features were identified by these means with the aid of anatomical texts. A series of labeled photographs was produced to aid in the interpretation of computerized tomography and nuclear magnetic resonance scans. |
| 1989/07 Canine Brain Anatomy on Magnetic Resonance Images Magnetic resonance (MR) images of the canine brain were acquired during investigation of dogs with neurologic disease. A paramagnetic contrast medium was used for enhancement. MR provided images with excellent contrast between grey and white matter, as well as brain tissue and cerebrospinal fluid. Good resolution and anatomic detail of the canine brain were obtained. A series of images was compiled and labelled as a reference for MR anatomy of the canine brain. |
| 1987/07 Magnetic Resonance Imaging of the Normal Equine Digit and Metacarpophalangeal Joint Magnetic resonance (MR) images were made in sagittal and transverse planes through the metacarpophalangeal joint and digit of a horse. |
| 1985/01 Nuclear Magnetic Resonance: Status of Clinical Application |